Herald of Medicine

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药物研究

Effects of Panax Notoginseng Saponins on Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesions in Mice

CHEN Da-cheng;ZHANG Yi-guan;ZHANG Hai-gang

2008, 27(10): 1147-1149.

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Objective To investigate the preventive effects of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on postoperative peritoneal adhesion in mice. Methods The peritoneal adhesion in mice was induced by abrasing cecum serosa membrane. 120 mice were divided randomly into five groups, such as the control, urokinase and PNS (1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg) groups. The mice were treated locally with normal saline 0.5 mL, urokinase 80 U, PNS 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mg, respectively. The development of peritoneal adhesion, local fibrous connective tissue and collagen tissue were observed with unaided eye at the 15th day postoperatively. Results All mice in the control group suffered peritoneal adhesion with Ⅲ or Ⅳ grade. PNS (3.0, 6.0 mg) and urokinase decreased the formation of peritoneal adhesion, local fibrous connective tissue and collagen tissue significantly. Meanwhile, 1.5 mg PNS only improved peritoneal adhesion(P>0.05). Conclusion PNS could efficiently decrease the incidence and severity of postoperative peritoneal adhesion in mice.

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药物研究

Therapeutic Effect of ⁹⁹Tc-MDP on Collagen-induced Arthritis in Rats

KONG Fang;KE Dan;HU Shao-xian;QIN Rui-fang;SU Min;LEI Xiao-mei;TU Wei;SHEN Gui-fen;HE Pei-gen

2008, 27(10): 1149-1152.

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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ⁹⁹Tc-MDP on collageninduced arthritis(CIA) in rats. Methods CIA was established by subcutaneous injection with type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freud’s adjuvant in rats. Three groups were designed including the control group, CIA model group and ⁹⁹Tc-MDP treatment group. Rats of the treatment group were given 0.04 μg•kg^-1•d^-1 99Tc of TcMDP by caudal vein injection for 21 days. Arthritis were evaluated by measuring the body weight, joint swelling degree, arthritis index (AI) and synovium histopathologic index. ELISA was used to assay the TNFα level in serum. Results ①The degree of weight loss, joint swelling, AI and synovium histopathologic index in the rats of CIA model group were significantly higher than those of ⁹⁹Tc-MDP treatment group and the control group (P<0.01); ②Posttreatment with ⁹⁹Tc-MDP obviously attenuated the weight lost, inhibited the degree of joint swelling, AI and synovium histopathologic index; ③Compared with the CIA model group, the level of TNF-α was significant decreased in control group and ⁹⁹Tc-MDP treatment group (P<0.01). Conclusion The CIA rats suffered serious polyarthritis, however the clinical symptoms and the synovium histopathologic index were markedly improved and the level of TNF-α in serum was reduced after treated with ⁹⁹Tc-MDP. ⁹⁹Tc-MDP could inhibit the progress of CIA.

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药物研究

Felodipine Attenuates NRK52E Cell Injury Induced by Contrast Media

YANG Ding-ping;JIA Ru-han;DING Guo-hua;YANG Ding-wei

2008, 27(10): 1153-1156.

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Objective To investigate whether felodipine plays renoprotective effect on tubular epithelial cell injury induced by contrast media. Methods NRK52E cells were treated with concentrations (10^-5 mol•L^-1) of felodipine 12h before contrast media was added. At 0.5, 1.0 h with contrast media (110 mgI•L^-1), cell injury was assessed by LDH, cell morphologic change and cell apoptosis were evaluated with inverted microscope and flow cytometry respectively; Intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed using confocal microscope. Mannitol with the same osmolality was used as control. Results Incubation with contrast media significantly induced tubular cell damage or apoptosis cells at 0.5 h and 1 h, meanwhile, intracellular Ca2+ and ROS were increased progressively in CM group at 30 min and 60 min compared with mannitol and control groups. Flodipine decreased cell injury and apoptosis, as well as intracellular Ca2+ and ROS. Conclusion Felodipine plays a renoprotective effect on the contrast mediainduced renal tubular cyotoxicity by decreasing intracellular Ca²⁺overload and oxidative stress.

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药物研究

Study on the Anti-HIV Effect of Carboxymethytl Pachymaram in Vitro

QIANG Hua-gui;YANG Zhan-qiu

2008, 27(10): 1156-1158.

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Objective To investigate the antiHIV effect of carboxymethytl Pachymaram(CMP) in vitro. Methods The inhibitory activities against HIV-1 by CMP were evaluated on cytopathic C8166 cells induced by HIV1ⅢB and infected MT4 cells by HIV-1ⅢB. Results Compared with the control, CMP inhibited the secretion of HIV-1ⅢB P24 antigen(P<0.05) at the concentation of 10.000 g•L^-1,1.000 g•L^-1 and 0.100 g•L^-1, with IC50 1.8 g•L^-1, protected MT4 cells against HIV-1Ⅲ B infection (P<0.05)at 10 g•L^-1 and 1 g•L^-1 as well. Conclusion CMP has antiviral effect against HIV in vitro.

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药物研究

Effects of Puerarin on Insulin Resistance and ADRP Gene Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

SUN Wei;ZHENG Xue-zhi;CUI Rong-jun;XU Qiu-ling

2008, 27(10): 1159-1161.

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Objective To observe the effects of puerarin on insulin resistance and ADRP gene expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats (T2DM). Methods T2DM model were established by feeding rats with high glucose and fat diet and injecting with small dose of streptozocin (STZ). The model rats were divided into the model control and high, middle, low dosage of puerarin groups(i.p. 160, 80, 40 mg•kg^-1•d^-1, respectively) . Six weeks later, FPG,blood lipid,FINS were detected and ISI was calculated; meanwhile, the level of ADRP gene expression in fatty tissues was determined by RT-PCR. Results Compared with those in the model control, the levels of FPG,FINS,FFA,TC,TG were all obviously decreased in rats treated with different dose of puerarin, except for ISI was increased （P<0.05 or P<0.01）; ADRP gene expression in the high and middle groups decreased significantly. Conclusion Puerarin could decrease insulin resistance and amend blood lipid disorder by down regulating the ADRP gene expression in T2DM rats.

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药物研究

Promotion of the Cutaneous Wound Healing by Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

LUO Qiong;WANG Jian-ping;RUAN Jin-lan;CHEN Yan-an;LI Yan-yan

2008, 27(10): 1161-1163.

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Objective To study the effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis L. on the proliferation of fibroblasts and wound healing in rats. Methods Purified dermal fibroblasts were derived from neonate rats, then incubated with the methanol extracts of Siegesbeckia orientalis L．and were measured for proliferation by MTT method. The model of cutaneous wound was set up and used to evaluate the effects of S. orientalis in rats. Results 50－200 μg•mL^-1of extracts from S. orientalis significantly promoted fibroblasts proliferation, and external application of which accelerated cutaneous wound healing. Conclusion Siegesbeckia orientalis L. could enhance cutaneous wound healing, which may be contribute to stimulating fibroblasts proliferation.

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药物研究

Effect of Praziquantel and Curcumin on Expression of VEGF in Liver Fibrosis by Schistosoma Japonicum Infection

LUO Zhong-hua;XUN Biao

2008, 27(10): 1164-1168.

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Objective To observe the development of hepatic fibrosis after being treated with praziquantel and investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of curcumin. Methods One hundred mice were divided into five groups, group A, B, C and D were infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercarie; group E was taken as normal control. Six weeks after infection, group A was treated with praziquantel 500 mg•kg^-1•d^-1for 2 days; group B and group C were treated with curcumin 300 mg•kg^-1•d^-1 and 150 mg•kg^-1•d^-1, respectively, for 8 weeks after being treated with praziquantel 500 mg•kg^-1•d^-1 for 2 days; group D was taken as experimental control without any treatment; and Group E was fed normally. At the 14th week, all mice were sacrificed and a part of liver tissues were preserved for observing the hepatic histopathology, and detecting contents of MDA and the activity of SOD, as well as the expressions of hepatic VEGF, typeⅠ and type Ⅲ collagen. Results Compared with the experimental control, praziquantel attenuated the degree of hepatic fibrosis, increased the activity of SOD and reduced the contents of hepatic VEGF, typeⅠ and type Ⅲ collagen, all of which did not get back to normal level. Compared with group A, group B and C obviously reduced the degree of hepatic fibrosis, contents of MDA , expression of hepatic VEGF, typeⅠ and type Ⅲ collagen; meanwhile increased SOD, especially for the high dose. Conclusion Antifibrosis therapy is necessary followed with the treatment of praziquantel. The antifibrotic effect of curcumin may be based on inhibiting the expression of VEGF and reducing the level of oxidative stress in a dose dependent manner.

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药物研究

Immune Modulatory Effects of Dendranthema mrifolium and Chlorogenic Acid

MA Li;TANG Feng-min;ZENG Tian-shu;ZHANG Yu-liang;CHEN Dong-sheng;ZHANG Yu

2008, 27(10): 1168-1170.

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Objective To explore the immunomodulatory effects on intestinal tract by polysaocharide from Dendranthema mrifolium and chlorogenic acid. Methods Polysaccharide was extracted from Dendranthema mrifolium with water and ethanol; the enteric mucosa lymphocytes were isolated from rats, and cocultured with polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid respectively. The level of IFN-γ and TNF-α in supernatants were assayed by ELISA . The immune modulatory effects on intestinal lymphocytes were compared between these two componnets. Results Polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid both increased the level of TNF-α and IFN-γ; moreover, chlorogenic acid shown more effective on IEL than polysaccharide. Conclusion Polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid both exert immune modulatory effect on lymphocytes of enteric mucosal immune system.

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药物研究

Protective Effectiveness of Genistein on Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats

LIU Zhao;XIANG Lan-ting;YAO Han-jin;CHENG Long-xian

2008, 27(10): 1171-1173.

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Objective To study the effects and mechanisms of genistein（GST） on myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in rats. Methods The left coronary anterior descending branch was ligated and then reperfused. The incidence, duration of arrhythmia and the contents of serum lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,creatine kinase（CK）,malondialhyde（MDA）, and superoxide dimutase（SOD） were measured. Results Compared with the control, GST reduced remarkably the incidence of arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, shortened the duration of arrhythmia, decreased the content of LDH, CK ,MDA and increased the content of SOD. Conclusion GST has a obvious protectiveeffect against myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury, and which may be associated with free oxygen radicals scavenging and ultrastructure maintaining activity.

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药物研究

Determination of Plasma Concentration of Rupatadine Fumarate by HPLC-MS/MS

YAN Hui-juan;LI Qian;QIAO Jian;DENG Jun-gang;HUANG Hou-wu;LI Wei-yong

2008, 27(10): 1174-1176.

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Objective An HPLC-MS/MS method was established for the determination of rupatadine fumarate in plasma. Methods The drug and internal standard（loratadine）in plasma were alkalified with sodium hydroxide, extracted with acetic etherdichloromethane(4：1) and detected by HPLC-MS/MS. Results A good linearity of rupatadine fumarate in plasma was obtained from 0.05 to 13 μg•L^-1, the minimum level of which was 0.05 μg•L^-1 and the recovery rate was from 65.06% to 73.25%. Conclusion The method is sensitive, accurate and reliable, and could be used for determing drug concentration and pharmacokinetic of rupatadine fumarate.

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精神科用药专栏

Effects of Risperidone on First Episode Depression

QIAN Jian-jun;HE Bin-fu;SHI Yong-yang;GAO Sai-nan;JIN Hai-long

2008, 27(10): 1188-1190.

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Objective To assess the effects of risperidone combined with fluoxetine on first episode depression. Methods 139 patients with first episode depression were randomly divided into two groups , the treatment group （n=68）, received both PO 3 mg•d^-1 risperidone and 20 mg•d^-1 fluoxetine; the control group （n=71）, treated with fluoxetine only , which were observed for 8 weeks. The evaluation criteria were defined as shifting from depression to mania (≥6 by BechRafaelsen mania scale (BRMS).The adverse reaction was assessed with TESS. Results No difference in switching rate, appearing time and duration between two groups was found（P>0.05）.And no difference in TESS was found（P>0.05）either. The BRMS was significant lower than that in the control group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Combination of risperidone with fluoxetine couldn’t influence switching rate, appearing time and duration of depression, but decrease severity of mania without obveriously adding more side effects.

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精神科用药专栏

Meta-Analysis for Incidence of Insomnia, Anxiety, Irritability and Manic Episode Induced by TCA and SSRIs

JIN Wei-dong;CHEN Zheng-xin;TONG Zhen-hua;WANG Pei-rong;CHEN Jiong;MA Yong-chun;WANG He-qiu;XING Bao-ping

2008, 27(10): 1190-1193.

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Objective To compare the incidence of insomnia, anxiety, irritability, and manic episode induced by SSRI and tricyclic antidepressants（TCA）. Methods The 63 standarized literatures were analysed in the fixed effects model by metaanalysis of evidencebased medicine(EBM). Results The significant difference on incidence of insomnia and irritability were found between SSRI and TCA（16% v 3.8%, OR=5.05, 95%CI: 4.06～6.30, χ²=181.7, P<0.01; 8.7% v 3.5%,OR=2.80, 95%CI: 1.82－4.76 , χ²=5.09, P<0.01）, but no difference on incidence of anxiety and manic episode induced by fluoxetine and TCA was observed（10.7% v 8.9%, OR=1.75, 95%CI: 0.99～3.10, χ²=2.39, P>0.05; 2.2% v 3.8%, OR=1.68, 95%CI: 0.90－3.13, χ²=1.90, P>0.05）. Conclusion Attention should be paid on insomnia, irritability generated by the treatment with SSRI, since more incidence developed by SSRI than TCA during treatment for depression.

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药物与临床

Antagonization of Simvastatin aganinst Effects of Homocysteic Acid on Cerebrovascular Diseases

LI Hai-jun;ZHANG Xiong;YU Ying;LIU Song-tao

2008, 27(10): 1207-1209.

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Objective To investigate the antagonization of simvastatin against effects of hyperhomocysteinemia inducing cerebrovascular diseases. Methods 212 patients with cerebrovascular diseases by hyperhomocysteinemia were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=106)and the control group(n=106). The control group was given VitB6,VitB12 and folic acid, while the treatment group was given simvastatin(20 mg•d^-1) till discharge.The healing rate, death rate and relapse rate were compared between two groups. Results The cure rate in the simvastatin group was obviously higher than that in the control group（P<0.01）, the death rate and the relapse rate in the simvastatin group was lower than that in the control group（P<0.01 and P<0.05）, and the patients rediagnosed with accompanying symptoms in the former were fewer（P<0.05）. Conclusion Simvastatin significantly antagonized to the effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on cerebral diseases, which has the potential clinical application value for preventiing and curing cerebral diseases.

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药物与临床

Clinical Study of Thymic Peptide for Patients with Chronic Severe Hepatitis

XING Ming-you;XU Zi-hui;LIU Li-na;HUANG Jia-quan;SONG Jian-xin

2008, 27(10): 1210-1212.

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Objective To study the therapeutic effect and adverse reaction of thymic peptide for patients with chronic severe hepatitis.Methods A retrospective study was made on 198 patients in hospital with severe chronic hepatitis. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group for 127 patients with combined therapy and the treatment group containing 71 cases, which were given hypodermic thymic peptide 1.6 mg q.d. for 2 weeks on the basis of combined therapy. The effective rate, amelioration of biochemical factors, incidence of complication, as well as adverse reactions were analyzed between two groups. Results It was more effective for the patients in earlystage and mediumstage of treatment compared with those in control group (P<0.05); while no statistical difference was found between two groups for patients in latestage of treatment(P>0.05). The incidence of hepatorenal syndrome and infection was lower in treatment group than that in control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The adverse reaction was rare. Conclusion Thymic peptide is able to markedly improve the effective rate of therapy for patients in earlystage and mediumstage of chronic severe hepatitis, ameliorate hepatic function, and reduce the incidence of complication. The patients are well tolerated and the adverse reaction to thymic peptide is rare. The early administration of thymic peptide could obtain satisfactory therapeutic effects.

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药物制剂

Study on the Preparation of Ferilniteβ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

XU Juan;ZENG Ming;XU Jing-feng;FEI Yan;ZHAO Xiao-yu

2008, 27(10): 1240-1242.

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Objective To investigate the inclusion technology by using β-cyclodextrin （β-CD）to improve ferilnite’s stability. Methods Several preparation Methods were tested with, including the ratio of ferilnite to β-CD, temperature and stirring time. The best preparation process of inclusion complex was optimized with orthogonal experiments, the inclusion and production rates. Moreover, the inclusion complex was identified by IR,UV and TCL. Results It was shown that the electrostir method was priority. The optimum preparation process of inclusion complex was as follows: ferilnite to β-cyclodextrin 10.5：1, inclusion for 4 h, and 40 ℃, with which the production and inclusion rates could reach to 81.86% and 55.41% , respectively. Conclusion The inclusion complex could be formed under these conditions.

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药物制剂

Preparation and Characterization of Thermosensitive Radiopaque in situ Nanogel

WANG Qin;XU Hui-bi;YANG Xiang-liang;YANG Ya-jiang

2008, 27(10): 1243-1247.

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Objective To study the influence of iohexol on the phase behavior of thermosensitve poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-butyl methacrylate) (PNIP/BMA) nanogel for preparing a novel radiopaque in situ gelable thermosensitive nanogel. Methods The influence of Iohexol on the volume phase transition of PNIP/BMA nanogel particles was investigated by dynamic light scattering. The effect of iohexol on the thermosensitive phase behavior of in situgelable PNIP/BMA nanogel dispersion was studied by vial inverting method and viscosimeter. Results PNIP/BMA nanogel particles dispersed in iohexol injection were in shrunken state at lower temperature and the average diameter of PNIP/BMA nanogel particles increased first, then decreased slightly and followed by increasing induced by hydrophobic aggregating with the temperature increase, which was different from that of PNIP/BMA nanogel dispersed in pure water. The concentrated PNIP/BMA nanogel became semitranslucent swollen gel near the body temperature with iohexol being higher than 175 mgI•mL1. The viscosity of nanogel dispersion containing iohexol was higher than that of aqueous dispersion without iohexol under the same condition. Conclusion iohexol has profound effects on both the volume phase transition of PNIP/AAm nanogel particles and phase behavior of PNIP/AAm nanogel dispersion. Concentratel PNIP/AAm nanogel dispersed in iohexol injection has an attractive potential for being used as a novel thermosensitive in situforming gel system with radiopaque property.

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药物制剂

Preparation of Guyanning Granules and Effects on Erythrocytic Immune Function in Rats

LV Yi;LIU Ya-ni;CHEN Hua-ting;LI Wei-yong

2008, 27(10): 1247-1250.

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Objective To optimumize the conditions for preparing guyanning granules and investigate effects of which on erythrocytic immune function in rats.Methods The process was studied by orthogonal experimental design, the newlyfluidbedspraydriergranulation technique was adopted and relative density of extractions, temperature of entry and blast pressure were used as inspecting factors, three levels of each factors and water content of the end and semiend products as inspecting markers. Suppurative osteomyelitis was established in rats. WBC,rosette of C3b receptor,red cell immune and serum Lysozgme content were evaluated. Results The relative density of extractions and blast pressure were the more important factors than temperature of entry （P<0.05). The optimum technique for spraying dry of guyanning granules was as follows: the relative density of extractions 1：1.20, temperature of entry 90－100/50－60 ℃, blast pressure －1 800 Pa. It was found that guyanning was more effective in respect of immune process than （P<0.01）the model and penicillin（P<0.05）. Conclusion The optimum technique is reliable and it indicattes that guyanning granules has potent antiinflammatory and immune enhancement effects.

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用药指南

Pharmacoepidemiological Study of Relationship between Puerarin Injection and Short-term Fever

HUANG Xue-rong;WANG Xi-jia;ZHENG Rong-yuan;JIN Rong;ZHANG Xiu-hua

2008, 27(10): 1264-1266.

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Objective To investigate the relationship between the Shortterm Fever of Unexplained Origin (SFUO) and pulelin injection by the casecontrol study and retrospective cohort study, and analyze the difference between incidence of fever caused by different puerarin injections before GMP and after GMP authenticated. Methods The eligible patients with cardiaccerebrovascular disorders among the first affiliated hospital of wenzhou medical college, the second affiliated hospital of wenzhou medical college and Wenling affiliated hospital after 2001 were selected, and were divided into an exposed group (tianbaokang and purun injections) and a nonexposed group (received other medicines). The incidence of SFUO, the relative risk (RR) and attributive risk (AR) were calculated, respectively, and the difference of incidences of SFUO in exposed to Puerarin, tianbaokang and purun of pulelin injections were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference between tianbaokang(6.31%) and purun(5.66%) （P>0.05）, which suggested that there was no causality between SFUO and tianbaokang or purun injections. However, compared with the incidence of pulelin injection（26.73%）, there was marked difference of SFUO between pulelin and tianbaokang or purun injections（P<0.01）. Conclusion No evidence could indicate that tianbaokang injection and purun injection, both were Puerarin injections resent appeared in the market, were related to SFUO. The use of the same Chinese traditional Puerarin injections from various periods could result in completely different outcomes. Therefore, the serious side effects such as SFUO could eliminate and the safety of drugs could increase by improving pharmaceutical quality management.

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