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    药物研究
  • 药物研究
    A Study of the Anticancer Activity of Dextran Derivatives
    SHI Wei-wu;JIANG Ming;HUANG Jin-lin;CAO Jian-hua;HUANG Si-luo;LIU Jian-feng
    2007, 26(10): 1121-1123.
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    Objective To study the effect of dextran derivatives on breast cancer cells. Methods Human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MCF-7ras as well as F32 cell line, which is defective in heparin expression but expresses FGFR steadily , were used in the study. The effect of synthetic dextran derivatives on the growth of the cells was studied with the 3H-thymidine incorporation technique. The mechanisms underlying the effect were tentatively approached. Results The synthetic dextran derivatives were shown to modulate the cell proliferation of the F32 cell line by interacting with the HS/FGF/FGFR complex on the cell surface. These dextran derivatives, however, showed completely opposite effects on the 2 human breast cancer cell lines, stimulating the DNA synthesis of the MCF-7 cells while inhibiting that of the MCF-7ras cells. Structure activity study revealed that sulfonate and benzene ring are the important chemical groups influencing the biological activity of the dextran derivatives. Conclusion Dextran derivatives were shown to be provided with a quality similar to that of heparin in that they show dual effects on cell proliferation.
  • 药物研究
    Correlation between the Inhibitory Effect of Triptolide on the Secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) by the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC) and the Gene Polymorphisms of TNF-α in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
    XIONG Ri-bo;TU Sheng-hao
    2007, 26(10): 1124-1127.
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    Objective To explore whether the inhibitory effect of triptolide(TP )on the secretion of TNF-a by the PBMC is correlated with the TNF-α gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis( RA ). MethodsThe gene polymorphism of the G-A site 308 in the promotor region of the TNF-α gene in 42 patients with RA was assayed with the AS-PCR. In the meantime, PBMC from the patients were cultured and stimulated with LPS, followed by treatment of the cells with TP in concentrations of 1.0,5.4 and 15.0 mg·mL-1,respectively. Contents of TNF- α in the supernatants were determined with ELISA. Results When treated with low dose TP, the rates of decrease in the TNF-a secretion by the AA and AG genotypes were 3.80% and 4.91%, respectively, the differences being insignificant as compared with those of the control groups treated only with LPS（P＞0.05）.In the same experiment, however, the decrease rate in the TNF-α secretion by the GG genotype was 20.74%（P<0.05). When treated with medium dose of TP, the rates of decrease in the TNF-α secretion by the AA , AG and GG were 20.42%,34.73% and 41.69%, respectively, the differences being all statistically significant as compared with those of the control groups treated only with LPS（P＜0.05). When treated with high dose TP, the TNF-α secretion by the 3 genotypes showed no significant differences as compared with those of the control groups treated only with LPS（P>0.05）.Conclusion Gene polymorphism at the TNF-α-308 sites was shown to be correlated with the secretion of TNF-α in the patients with RA. TP in different concentrations showed different inhibitory effects on the TNF-α secretion in patients carrying different genotypes, which may be one of the reasons for the phenomenon that people respond differently to TP.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of the Extract of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves on the Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Diabetic Rats
    XIANG Nan;LIN Han;LIU Heng-ming;LI Gui-gang
    2007, 26(10): 1127-1130.
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    Objective To survey the effect of the extract of ginkgo biloba leaves (EGB)on the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats and to approach the mechanisms underlying the effect of the drug in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy . Methods 50 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups: ①control group , ②model group, ③lowdose EGB treatment group,④ mediumdose EGB treatment group and ⑤ highdose EGB treatment group. A model of experimental diabetes was formed in each of the rats of group ② to group ⑤ by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( STZ). RATS of group ③, ④ and ⑤ were given each 50,100 and 200 mg·kg-1 EGB administered by gastrogavage q.d. respectively, for 12 consecutive weeks. Animals of group ① and group ② were given each an equivalent amount of 0.9% sodium chloride solution q.d. by the same route for 12 weeks as well. Paraffin sections of the retina were prepared and the apoptosis indexes (AI) of the ganglion cells determined with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTPbiotin nick end labelling(TUNEL)method and the results were analyzed in a computer  picture system. Ultrastructural changes in the ganglion cells were examined under the electron microscope. Results The AI of the ganglion cells in rats of group ②( the model group) was apparently higher than that in rats of group①( the control group)(P<0.01). The ganglion cell AIs in rats of group ④ (treated with mediumdose EGB) and group ⑤(treated with highdose EGB) were significantly lower than that in rats of group②(P<0.01) . However, the difference between the ganglion cell AI in rats of group ③(treated with lowdose EGB) and that in rats of group ② was insignificant (P＞0.05). Lesions in the ultrastructure of the retinal ganglion cells in rats of group ④ and group ⑤ were trifling as compared with those in rats of group ②. Conclusion EGB was shown to exert its curative effect in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy possibly by inhibiting apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Water Soluble Azone on the Viability and Ultrastructure of Rabbit Lens Epithelial Cells
    MAO Xiao-chun;ZHANG Hong;LI Gui-gang
    2007, 26(10): 1131-1133.
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    Objective To study the effect of water soluble azone on the viability and ultrastructure of rabbit lens epithelial cells cultured in vitro in order to probe into the safety application concentration of the drug for the eye in the clinical practice. Methods Rabbit lens epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. The cells were exposed to aqueous solution of azone in concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.010, 0.050, 0.100, 0.500 and 1.000 g·L-1, respectively. Viability and ultrastructure of the cells were then assayed with cell counting, MTT method and scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Results Viability of the rabbit lens epithelial cells was not affected after they had been exposed to water soluble azone in concentrations lower than 0.10 g·L-1 for 24 h. A decline in the viability of cells was noticed after a 24 h exposure of cells to water soluble azone in concentrations higher than 0.500 g·L-1 (P＜0.01). Organelles of the lens epithelial cells were not injured after a 10 minute exposure of the cells to water soluble azone in concentrations lower than 0.100 g·L-1, as evidenced under the transmission electron microscope . Water soluble azone in concentrations ≥0.500 g·L-1, however, was shown to cause extensive cell death. Conclusion Water soluble azone in concentrations no higher than 0.100 g·L-1 are unlikely to cause decline in viability of and injury of organelles in lens epithelial cells. Aqueous solution of azone in these concentrations, therefore, is of considerable application value to the clinical practice.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of the Guanmutongcontaining Serum on the Cell Generation Cycle of Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
    WU Jian-hong;WEN Hui;ZHAO Gang;LV Yin-juan;ZHANG Zhi-hua;WANG Shi-you;FENG Qiu-zhen
    2007, 26(10): 1134-1136.
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    Objective To study the effect of the guanmutong-containing serum on the cell generation cycle of human renal tubular epithelial cells. Methods Cultured human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK2 was used in the study. Sera containing guanmutong in different concentrations were harvested from rabbits that had been given low dose , medium dose and high dose of guanmutong administered by gastrogavage , respectively .Human renal tubular epithelial cells were then exposed to the sera with different concentrations of guanmutong. Normal rabbit serum served as the blank control. Flow cytometry(FCM) was used to assay the changes in the generation cycle of the cells after the treatment. Results The distribution of the cells in different generation cycles was normal with the exposure of the cells to sera containing lowdose guanmutong as well as to normal control serum. No evident blocking in the G0/G1 phase was seen in the cells exposed to sera containing low-dose guanmutong. In contrast, the cells exposed to sera containing medium- and high- dose guanmutong were found strikingly blocked in the G0/G1phase. Conclusion The nephrotoxic effect of medium and high dose guanmutong may be related to the blockage of the cells in the G0/G1 phase.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Clopidogrel on the Endothelial Function of the Rabbit with a Model of Atherosclerosis
    KONG Xiang-hui;HUA Xian-ping;DU Ling;GUAN Gao-feng;WANG Lin
    2007, 26(10): 1136-1138.
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    ObjectiveTo study the effect of clopidogrel on the endothelial function of the rabbit with experimental atherosclerosis(AS). Methods Twentyseven New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: ① normal control group ,②model control group and ③ drug treatment group. Rabbits of group ① were fed on a diet （100 g·d-1） containing no cholesterol for 12 consecutive weeks. Rabbits of group ② and group ③ were fed on a diet (100 g·d-1)containing 1.5% cholesterol for 12 consecutive weeks as well. In the meantime, rabbits of group ③ were given each 4 mg·kg-1 of clopidogrel administered by gastrogavage q.d.. At the end of the 12th week, blood samples were collected from the central artery of the ear. Serum lipids were determined with enzymic methods, serum endothelin(ET) and hypersensitive C responsive protein(hs-CRP) were assayed with ELISA and serum nitric oxide(NO) was determined with the oxidase method. Specimens of the aortic arch were taken and morphometry was used to calculate the ratio of the area of the atherosclerotic plaques to that of the intima and the ratio of the thickness of the intima where the plaque was most prominent to that of the media. Results Serum lipid, ET, and hsCRP levels in animals of group② (the model control group) and group ③ ( model + clopidogrel treatment) were obviously higher than those in animals of group ①(normal control)(P<0.05). In contrast, serum NO levels in rabbits of group ② and group ③ were significantly lower than those in rabbits of group ①(P<0.05). The difference between animals of group ② and group ③ with respect to the serum lipid levels was not significant. However, serum ET and hsCRP levels in animals of the model control group were significantly higher while serum NO contents were strikingly lower than those in rabbits treated with clopidogrel (P<0.05).Morphologically, the atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta were of much less severity in rabbits of the drug treated group(group ③) than those of the model control group. Conclusion Clopidogrel was shown to inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and protect the function of the vascular endothelium, and these effects of the drug may be related to its inhibitorty action on the local inflammation of the artery.

    • 精神科用药专栏
  • 精神科用药专栏
    Effect of Aripiprazole on the Hyperprolactinernia Caused by Sulpiride in the Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia——A Clinical Observation
    CHEN Hai-zhi;YU Bo-run;YANG Shen-guo;SHEN Zhong-xia;MI Qu;JIANG Yong-hong
    2007, 26(10): 1145-1146.
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    Objective To probe into the effect of aripiprazole on the hyperprolactinemia caused by sulpiride in the treatment of schizophrenia. Methods 61 patients with schizophrenia who had been treated with sulpiride for 6 weeks prior to the study were randomly divided into 2 groups : the trial group(n=31) and control group(n=30) .On the basis of the sulpiride treatment, patients of the trial group were given each additionally 10 mg of aripiprazole PO,q.d.. The sulpiride treatment in patients of the control group continued with no extra management. At the end of the 6th and 9th week of the sulpiride treatment, serum prolactin concentrations were assayed in patients of both groups. Adverse reactions were assessed with Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS). Results After 3 weeks of aripiprazole treatment, the serum prolactin level in patients of the trial group were significantly lowered(P＜0.01＝ while those in patients of the control group who received no additional treatment remained high. The difference between the scales of TESS in patients of the 2 groups was not significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion Aripiprazole was shown to exert definite therapeutic effect on the hyperprolactinemia caused by sulpiride and adverse reactions were not common.
  • 精神科用药专栏
    A Comparison between the Therapeutic Effects of Aripiprazole and Risperidone in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
    JIANG Yong-hong;SHEN Zhong-xia
    2007, 26(10): 1147-1148.
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    Objective To study the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Methods 60 patients with schizophrenia meeting the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders third edition(CCMD-3) criteria were randomly divided into two equal groups: the trial group and control group. Patients of the trial group were given each an initial dose of 5 mg of aripiprazole PO q.d.. The daily dose was increased by 5-10 mg every week until the therapeutic dose of 10～30 mg·d-1 was reached. Patients of the control group were given each 1 mg of risperidone PO q.d. as an initial dose. The dose was increased by 1 mg every 3rd to 7th day until a daily dose of 4 mg was reached within 2 weeks and the therapeutic dose was 2～6 mg·d-1. The course of treatment in both groups lasted 8 weeks. The therapeutic effectiveness and adverse reactions were assayed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS),respectively. Results At the end of the 8 week treatment, the rate of excellent therapeutic effects was 63.3% in patients of the trial group as well in those of the control group. The overall effective rates in patients of the trial group and control group were 90.0% and 86.7%,respectively(P>0.05). The scores of positive and negative symptoms in patients of both groups were significantly lowered(P<0.01). The incidence of adverse reactions, however, was significantly lower in patients of the trial group than that in patients of the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion Aripiprazole was shown to be as effective as risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia while the incidence of adverse reaction of the former drug was lower.
    • 药物研究
  • 药物研究
    Cyproheptadine in the Treatment of Hyperprolactinemia Caused by Risperidone in 31 Cases of Schizophrenia
    ZHU Yi-ping;QIAN Min-cai
    2007, 26(10): 1149-1150.
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    Objective To study the therapeutic effect of cyproheptadine (CYP) on the hyperprolactinemia caused by risperidone in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Methods Male inpatients with fistepisode schizophrenia meeting the CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria were treated with risperidine PO. The patients were 18～40 years old. Serum prolactin concentrations were determined in these patients at the end of the 3rd week of the treatment course. 31 patients whose serum prolactin concentrations were 26.8 ng·mL-1 or higher were chosen as the subjects of the present study. They were given each 18 mg CYP PO q.d. for 5 consecutive weeks. During this period, dosage of risperidine in these patients remained unchanged. At the end of the 5th week of the treatment course, serum prolactin levels were determined once again. During the CYP treatment course, patients suffering from sleep disturbances were allowed to take clonazepam at a dose lower than 4 mg·d-1. Adverse reactions were registered. Results At the end of the 5 week CYP treatment course, a dramatic fall of the levels of serum prolactin from the pretreatment concentration of (52.25±17.30) ng·mL-1 to the posttreatment one of (25.52±5.77) ng·mL-1(P<0.01) was demonstrated in these 31 patients. No major adverse reactions were encountered. Conclusion CYP was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia caused by risperidone.
    • 精神科用药专栏
  • 精神科用药专栏
    A Control Study of Venlafaxine and the Drug Combined with Mental Intervention in the Treatment of Patients with Somatization Disorder
    WANG Ling-jun;MA Jian-dong
    2007, 26(10): 1151-1153.
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    Objective To assess the clinical therapeutic effectiveness and side effects of venlafaxine combined with mental intervention in the treatment of patients with somatization disorders. Methods Fortyfour patients meeting the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders third edition(CCMD-3) diagnostic criteria for somatization disorder were randomly divided into two equal groups: the trial group and control group. Patients of both groups were treated with venlafaxine. They were given each 75 mg of the drug PO q.d. as an initial dose. The dose was increased to 150 mg·d-1 one week later which was maintained throughout the 6 week treatment course. On the basis of the drug treatment, patients of the trial group were subjected to mental intervention. The therapeutic effectiveness and side effects were appraised with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS),respectively. Results At the end of the six week treatment, the rates of excellent effectiveness in patients of the trial group and control group were 86.4% and 59.1%, respectively(P<0.05). The differences between the 2 groups of patients with respect to the decrease in HAMD scores at the end of the 2nd, 4th and 6th week were significant or highly significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01) . The treatment in patients of the trial group started much earlier to exert effects than that in patients of the control group. The differences between patients of the 2 groups with respect to the TESS scores were insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion Venlafaxine combined with mental intervention was shown to be superior to venlafaxine alone in the treatment of somatization disorder.
    • 药物与临床
  • 药物与临床
    A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of Amoxicillin/Sulbactam and Amoxicillin /Clavulanate Potassium in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Infections
    HU Ke;SHI Mei-jun;HU Su-ping;YANG Jiong
    2007, 26(10): 1156-1159.
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    Objective To assess the therapeutic effect and safeness of amoxicillin/sulbactam in the treatment of acute respiratory tract and urinary tract bacterial infections. Methods A double blind randomized controlled study was carried out for comparing the clinical therapeutic effects of amoxicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium in the treatment of acute bacterial infections. 41 patients with acute bacterial infections were randomly divided into 2 groups: the trial group (n=19) and control group(n=22). In the patients of the trial group, 10 suffered from respiratory tract infection and 9 from urinary tract infection. 11 of the patients of the control group had respiratory tract infection and 11 others had urinary tract infection. Patients of the trial group were given each 0.5 g of amoxicillin/sulbactam PO,q.8.h. for 7－14 consecutive days. Patients of the control group were given each 0.75 g of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium q.8.h. for 7－14 consecutive days. Results The overall clinical effective rates were 94.7%（18/19）and 90.9%（20/22） in patients of the trial group and control group, respectively. The rates of pathogen eradication rates were 91.7% and 93.3% in patients of the trial group and control group, respectively. The differences between patients of the 2 groups with respect to the effective rate and pathogen eradication rate were insignificant (P＞0.05). Four patients in the trial group manifested mild gastrointestinal side effects. One patient of the control group showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity and another patient had hyperbilinlinemia. Conclusion Amoxicillin/sulbactam was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by bacteria sensitive to the drug. Its clinical therapeutic effect was similar to that of amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium.
  • 药物与临床
    A Comparison between the Effects of Probucol and Atorvastatin in the Treatment of Patients with Hyperlipemia
    ZONG Wen-xia;LI Chang;LIN Li
    2007, 26(10): 1160-1162.
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    Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of probucol and atorvastatin in patients with hyperlipemia. Methods Forty seven patients with hyperlipemia were randomly divided into two groups: the trial group(n=25) and control group(n=22). Patients of the trial group were given each 0.5 g of probucol PO, b.i.d. for 8 consecutive weeks. Patients of the trial group were given each 10 mg of atorvastatin PO q.n. for 8 consecutive weeks. Therapeutic effects and adverse reactions in patients of both groups were kept under observation. Results At the end of the 8 week treatment, serum TC and LDL-C levels in patients of the trial group were significantly lowered: TC from (6.51±0.82 )mmol·L-1 to( 4.85±0.76 )mmol·L-1 (25.6% reduction), LDL-C from (4.12±1.08 )mmol·L-1to (2.98±1.02) mmol·L-1 (27.7% reduction), TG from (1.79±0.56 ) mmol·L-1 to (1.76±0.64) mmol·L-1 (1.8% reduction). The overall effective rate of probucol was 79.1%, and its therapeutic effects were similar to those of atorvastatin. Conclusion The therapeutic effects of probucol in the treatment of hyperlipemia were shown to be similar to those of atorvastatin. Adverse reactions of probucol were mild and relatively rare. Probucol was thus shown to be an effective and safe remedy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.
    • 药物制剂
  • 药物制剂
    Preparation of Pulse Controlledrelease Tablets of Famotidine
    TANG Ren;LIU Hui
    2007, 26(10): 1196-1198.
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    ABSTRACT Objective To prepare pulse controlledrelease tablets of famotidine. Methods The screening and optimization of the formula of the tablets were carried out with an orthogonal design by using the amount of the drug released in an artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice as the index.　Results Pulse controlledrelease tablets of famotidine were successfully prepared according to the optimized formula. The dissolution release tests demonstrated that a fast release process took place within 4 hours and following a lag of round 8 hours, another drug release process was produced that accorded with the Higuchi dynamics model.　Conclusion The preparation was shown to be provided with a distinguishing feature of pulse release of the drug in vitro which is advantageous to the improvement of its therapeutic effect in the treatment of peptic ulcer.
    • 药品质量控制
  • 药品质量控制
    Content of Tetramethylpyrazine in the Decoction of Chuanxiong Rhizome and That of Chuanxiong Rhizome together with Chinese Angelica Root
    XU Chao-jiang;KONG Yi;ZHENG Gong-yi;SHENTU Jian-zhong
    2007, 26(10): 1207-1209.
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    Objective To compare the contents of tetramethylpyrazine(TMP) in the decoction of Chuanxiong rhizome alone and that of Chuanxiong rhizome together with Chinese Angelica root which does not contain TMP. Methods RP-HPLC was used in the study. The stationary phase was a Waters Symentry C18（150 mm× 4.6 mm,5 μm）column; the column temperature was 25 ℃;the mobile phase was watermethanol; the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1 in the gradient elution ;the detection wavelength was 298 nm. Results The calibration curve of TMP was linear within the concentration range of 0.25－25.00 μg·mL-1, Y = 58.401 0X + 3.931 8 ,r = 0.999 7; The average rate of recovery was 89.60% , with an RSD of 2.7%. The content of TMP in the co-decoction of the 2 drugs was significantly higher than that in the decoction of chuanxiong rhizome alone. Conclusion Co-decoction of chuanxiong rhizome and Chinese Angelica root was shown to be superior to decoction of chuanxiong rhizome alone for the extraction of TMP. The method used was handy, sensitive and accurate, and proves to be suitable for the content determination of TMP .
    • 用药指南
  • 用药指南
    Post Antibiotic Effect of Netilmicin Combined with Ceftazidime
    XIA Chun-hua;WANG Xiao-hua;XIONG Yu-qing;XU Wen-wei;ZHANG Hong;HU Xiao
    2007, 26(10): 1230-1232.
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    Objective To study the post antibiotic effect (PAE) of netilmicin combined with ceftazidime. Methods Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coti and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as target microorganisms. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the drugs was determined with the microdilution method while the PAE was measured with the tessellaled design and colony counting method. Results Netilmicin combined with ceftazidine was shown to have stronger PAE on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli than that on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the PAE of either drug used alone or both drugs used together was concentration dependent. Combined application of the 2 drugs was shown to exert a striking synergetic PAE on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli but only an additive effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion Netilmicin combined with ceftazidime was shown to enhance the PAE on the bacteria used. Combined use of both drug is superior to the use of either drug alone.
    • 药事管理
  • 药事管理
    Effect of the Adoption of Set Prescriptions on the Rational Use of Drugs——A Study Carried out in an Ambulant Clinic of Anhui Province
    YANG Chun－yan;ZHANG Xin－ping
    2007, 26(10): 1250-1252.
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    Objective To study the effect of the adoption of set prescriptions on the rational use of drugs in an ambulant clinic of Anhui Province. Methods Field investigation, chi square test and Ttest were used for the statistical analysis of 94 regular and 274 set prescriptions. Results Set prescriptions were shown to be superior to regular ones with respect to the 7 appraisal criteria for the rational use of drugs: the average number of drug used, utilization rate of current drug names, utilization rate of antimicrobials, ratio of preseriptions including adrenocortical hormones, ratio of prescriptions including injections, utilization ratio of fundamental remedies and average cost of the drugs. Conclusion Following the basic principles of Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Drug Lists, the set prescriptions were shown to promote the rational use of drugs, reduce the irrational medical expenses and improve the satisfaction of patients.
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