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    特约稿
  • 特约稿
    Gas Chromatographic Determination of Borneol in Urine from Healthy Volunteers after Sublingual Administration of Suxiaojiuxin Pills
    GUO Jun;MENG Hua;WANG Lili;LI Xiaoye;ZHANG Li;HUANG Xi
    2004, 23(10): 703-0705.
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    To develop gas chromatographic methods for the determination of borneol in the urine from healthy volunteers after sublingual administration of suxiaojiuxin pills.Methods:6 healthy adult volunteers served as the subjects of the study. They were given each after evacuation of urine 10 mg·kg1 of suxiaojiuxin pills administered sublingually. Urine samples were collected 10, 30, 60 and 90 min after the medication. Gas chromatography was used to determine the content of borneol in the urine. Briefly, the urine samples were pretreated and extracted with ethyl ethernhexane(1∶1)solution. Naphthalene was used as the internal standard. The chromatographic conditions included an HP4890D chromatograph with an HP5 (15 m×0.53 mm, ID)quartz spring capillary column; the column temperature was 75℃; inject temperature, 140℃; detector temperature, 150℃; a hydrogen iron blame detector(FID); and the flow rate, 8.1 mL·min1.Results:The minimal detectable concentration of borneol in the urine samples after the pretreatment was 0.2 μg·mL1. A good linear relationship of borneol existed in the range of 0.6－36.0 μg·mL1. The interand intraday precisions of isoborneol and borneol were (8.93±0.67)% and (7.03±2.97)%, (7.37±1.93)% and (7.17±1.15)%, respectively. The average rate of recovery of isoborneol and borneol were (107.6±9.4)% and (109.0±9.0)%, respectively. Conclusion:The gas chromatographic method adopted in this study was convenient,sensitive and reliable. It can be used for the detection of borneol in human urine.
    • 药物研究
  • 药物研究
    The Effect of Andrographolide against the IschemiaReperfusion Injury of the Brain in Rats
    ZHENG Min;YIN Shihua;WU Jiliang;BAO Cuiyu
    2004, 23(10): 709-0711.
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    To study the effect of andrographolide(AP) on the ischemiareperfusion injury of the brain in rats.Methods:32 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups:group A, high dose AP; group B,low dose AP; group C, model; group D, control. An animal model of ischemiareperfusion injury of the brain was set up for each rodent of group A, B and C by ligating the bilateral common carotid arteries for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min after the ligatures had been untied. Animals of the control group were subjected to the same operation except that the carotid arteries were not ligated. 10 min prior to ligation of the carotid arteries as well as directly before untying of the ligatures(before reperfusion), animals of group A,B and C were given each an IV injection of 2.50 mg·kg1 of AP, 1.25 mg·kg1 of AP and 0.9% sodium chloride solution in equal volumes via the jugular vein, respectively.Animals of the control group were also given IV injections of 0.9% sodium chloride solution similarly.Rats of group A,B and C were sacrificed just after the termination of the 60 min reperfusion and those of the group D were also killed. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx), Na＋K＋ATPase and Ca2＋ATPase and the the content of malonyldialdehyde(MDA) in the hippocampal tissue of the brain were determined. Results:Both in high and low doses, AP was shown to strikingly increase the activities of SOD, GSHPx, Na＋K＋ATPase and Ca2＋ATPase and decrease the content of MDA in the hippocampus of rats subjected to cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury.Conclusion:AP was found to exert a protective effect on the hippocampus of rats submitted to cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury.
  • 药物研究
    An Experimental Study of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Herba Agrimoniae in Mice
    FAN Shangtan;LI Jinlan;YAO Zhenhua
    2004, 23(10): 711-0713.
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    To study the effect of herba agrimoniae(HA) on blood glucose levels in mice.Methods:Normal, adrenalineinduced hyperglycemic and alloxaninduced diabetic mice of the Kunming strain were given each distilled water,0.5 and 1.0 g·kg1·d1 of the extract of HA in equal volumes by gastrogavage, respectively, for 4－7 consecutive days .Blood glucose levels of the animals in the course of the experiment were monitored. Results:Administration of both high and low doses of HA was shown to strikingly lower the blood glucose levels of the normal mice(after 4－7 consecutive days of treatment) as well those of the adrenalineinduced hyperglycemic mice and alloxaninduced diabetic mice(after 7 consecutive days of treatment).The differences were all highly significant(P＜0.01), as compared with the effects of distilled water. Conclusion:HA was shown to have an excellent hypoglycemic effect in mice.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Elemene on the Telomerase Activity ，Apoptosis and Cell Cycles of the Colon Cancer Lovo Cell Line
    HUANG Fuchun;FAN Yu;ZHENG Shu
    2004, 23(10): 713-0715.
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    To probe into the effect of elemene on the telomerase activity,apoptosis and cell cycle of the colon carcinoma Lovo cell line. Methods:After the Lovo cells had been treated with elemene in different concentrations, the effects of elemene on the growth rate, telomerase activity,apoptosis and cell cycle of the cancer cells were studied with MTT assay,telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP)microtiter plate hybridization, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, respectively. Results:Elemene was shown to have a relatively strong inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Lovo cells. Elemene could also suppress the telomerase activity and induce cell apoptosis in a concentration and timedependent manner. Besides, the cancer cells were found to be blocked in the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion:The inhibition of the malignant multiplication of human colon cancer Lovo cells by elemene may be related to the suppression of the telomerase activity, induction of apoptosis and blockade of the cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Mannitol on the Activity of Serum Cholinesterase in the Mouse and Rabbit
    LIU Cuixia;WU Jiliang;JIANG Nan;JIA Bei;MAO Hongtao;JIANG Tao;DONG Weijie
    2004, 23(10): 715-0717.
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    To study the effect of mannitol on the activity of serum cholinesterase in the mouse and rabbit. Methods:36 mice and 32 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups:A,B,C and D, separately. Mice of group A were given each an intrapeitoneal injection of 500 mg·kg1 of 2.5% dipterex, while those of group B,C and D were given each an intravenous injection of 200 mg·kg1 of 20% mannitol, 100 mg·kg1 of 10% mannitol and equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution,respectively. Rabbits of group A,B,C and D were given each an intravenous injection of 500 mg·kg1 of 2.5% dipterex, 200 mg·kg1 of 20% mannitol, 100 mg·kg1 of 10% mannitol and equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, respectively. 10 min after the injections of dipterex in mice and rabbits of group A,30 min after the intravenous injections in animals of group B,C and D,blood samples of all the rodents studied were collected for the determination of serum cholinesterase activity with the Ellman's method. Results:Serum cholinesterase activities of the mice as well as the rabbits of group B and C injected with mannitol were lower than those of the group D injected with normal saline(P＜0.05), but higher than those of the group A injected with dipterex(P＜0.05). Conclusion:Mannitol was shown to exert an inhibitory effect on the serum cholinesterase activity in mice and rabbits in a dose dependent manner.However,the effect was weaker than that of dipterex.
  • 药物研究
    Establishment of Multidrugresistant Human Osteosarcoma Subclones
    XU Xiaotao;LIU Xianzhou
    2004, 23(10): 717-0720.
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    To establish multidrugresistant(MDR) subclones of human osteosarcoma. Methods:The human osteosarcoma cell line MDR was subjected to a series of shorttime pulse exposures to doxorubicin in 6 increasing concentrations beginning from 0.01 to 4 μg·mL1.The procedure was repeated over and over again and the experiment lasted 5 months.The phenotype of the subclones was analyzed with MTT colorimetry. Pglycoprotein(Pgp) was detected with immunofluorscence. Drug resistance of tumor cells and drug resistance reversing agents were tested with the doxorubicinbinding assay(ABA).Results:6 subclones of the MDR cell line, MG63/R16, were established.Pgp expression on these cells was demonstrated by immunofluorscence. MTT colorimetry and ABA revealed that the multidrugresistance of all 6 subclones was strikingly stronger than that of the parent cell line. Besides, verapamil was shown to antagonize the effect of Pgp. Conclusion:Expression of Mdr1/Pgp was shown to be the key factor to regulate the MDR phenotype of osteosarcoma. These newly described multidrugresistant osteosarcoma subclones are useful models for further study of the features of drug resistance of osteosarcoma and for the development of methods to reverse the drug resistance.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Scutellarin Sustainedrelease Dropping Pills on Hemorrheology of Rabbits
    LIU Hong;TANG Ren;ZHOU Linzhu;WANG Ying;TANG Xiaoqiao;YANG Xiangliang
    2004, 23(10): 720-0722.
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    To study the effect of scutellarin sustainedrelease dropping pills on hemorrheology of rabbits. Methods:16 rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: A, B and C. Rabbits of group B, A and C were given each daily by gastrogavage 40 mg·kg1 of scutellarin sustainedrelease dropping pills, suspension of 40 mg·kg1 powdered scutellarin tablets and equal amount of normal saline, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Indices reflecting hemorrheology of the animals were then determined.Results:In comparison with scutellarin tablets, scutellarin sustainedrelease dropping pills were shown to have stronger effects in improving whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit and erythrocyte deformation of the rabbits. Conclusion:Scutellarin sustainedrelease dropping pills were shown to possess stronger biological effects as compared with those of scutellarin tablets.
    • 精神科用药专栏
  • 精神科用药专栏
    Effect of Imipramine in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenics
    ZHANG Yueying;ZHANG Guimin;SUN Yongju
    2004, 23(10): 723-0725.
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    To servey the therapeutic effectiveness of imipramine in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenics. Methods:40 patients with schizophrenia manifesting predominantly negative symptoms were randomly divided into 2 equal groups, the study group and control group. On the basis of conventional antipsychotic therapy, patients of the study group (n＝20) were treated additionally with imipramine. They were given each 50 mg·d1 of imipramine PO as an initial dose. According to the patients' condition, the dose of imipramine was gradually increased to 100, 150 and 200 mg PO in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week, respectively. The daily dose of imipramine was not allowed to exceed 200 mg. In all cases, the drug was given in 2 divided doses: in the morning and at noon. The course of treatment lasted 8 weeks. Patients of the control group(n＝20) were subjected only to treatment with conventional antipsychotics. Scale for assessment of negative symptoms(SANS), scale for assessment of positive symptoms(SAPS) and treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS) were used to appraise the effects of the treatment. Results:As shown by SANS total scores and all subscale scores, the differences between the negative symptoms of patients of the study group before and after the treatment were insignifcant(P＞0.05). Likewise,differences between the negative symptoms of the two group of patients were also insignificant(P＞0.05).Differences between the positive symptoms of the two groups before and after the treatment were also insignificant(P＞0.05),as shown by the SAPA total scores.Differences between the adverse reactions of the two group of patients were insignificant too (P＞0.05), as shown by TESS scores.Conclusion:Imipramine was shown to have no apparent effect in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenics.
  • 精神科用药专栏
    Treatment of 44 Cases of Refractory Schizophrenia with Loxapine
    YU Hong;LUO Juying XIA Shiyan
    2004, 23(10): 725-0727.
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    To appraise the therapeutic effectiveness and adverse reactions of loxapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Methods:44 patients with refractory schizophrenia were given each 34－204 mg of loxapine［averaging (123.6±50.9) mg］ q.d.PO for 16 consecutive weeks. The positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS) was used to assess the therapeutic effectiveness, and the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) was used to appraise the adverse reactions. Results:After the treatment, both the total scores of PANSS and those of its subscales were significantly decreased. The remedy was shown to be highly effective in 13 patients, effective in 16, and ineffective in 15 cases. The overall effective rate was 65.9%. The most frequent adverse reaction was extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS). The therapeutic effect in patients treated with low doses of the drug was similar to that in cases given high doses. However, the incidence of EPS was lower in patients given smaller doses.Conclusion:Loxapine was shown to be fairly effective in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia.
  • 精神科用药专栏
    Treatment of 35 Cases of Depression with Trazodone
    ZENG Lin;FENG Shaohui
    2004, 23(10): 729-0731.
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    To survey the clinical therapeutic effectiveness and adverse reactions of trazodone in the treatment of depression. Methods:70 inpatients meeting the CCMD3 diagnostic criteria for depression episode were assigned to 2 groups,the treatment group(n＝35) and control group (n＝35). Patients of the treatment group were given each 50－250 mg of trazodone qn PO, and those of the control group were given each 10－30 mg of paroxetine qn PO.The course of treatment in both groups lasted 6 weeks.The therapeutic effectiveness was assessed with the Hamilton depression scale, the safety rate was appraised with the treatment emergent symptom scale (TESS) and laboratory examinations. Results:It was shown that trazodone started later to act than paroxetine. At the termination of the course of treatment, the overall effective rates of trazodone and paroxetine were 71.4% and 80.0%, respectively, the difference being insignificant(P＞0.05). The major adverse reactions of trazodone were lassitude and dizziness.Conclusion:Trazodone was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of mild and moderate depression.
    • 药物与临床
  • 药物与临床
    Treatment of 34 Cases of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Metformin in Combination with Compound Cyproterone Acetate
    LI Guoping
    2004, 23(10): 742-0744.
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    To survey the therapeutic effectiveness of metformin combined with compound cyproterone acetate (CPA) in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods:34 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome served as the subjects of the study. Beginning from the 1st day of menstruation or withdrawal bleeding,they were given each during or after meals 250 mg of metformin PO b.i.d.for 7 consecutive days followed by 250 mg PO, t.i.d.for 12 consecutive weeks.Starting from the 3rd day of menstruation or withdrawal bleeding,the patients were given each 1 tablet of CPA, PO, qn for 21 consecutive days.After a 7 day interval, a second course of treatment followed. The patients were subjected altogether to 3 consecutive courses of CPA treatment. Before and after the treatment,serum levels of LH, FSH, free testosterone and fasting insulin were kept under observation and the ovaries of the patients were examined with vaginal B ultrasonography. Results:Before and after 12 weeks of treatment,the serum testosterone levels were (2.3±1.3) and (1.2±0.8) nmol·L1, respectively(P＜0.05),fasting insulin levels were (18.4±8.7) mU·L1 and (10.4±7.0) mU·L1, respectively(P＜0.01). The size of bilateral ovaries was reduced and the number of small cysts were decreased to 3 to 0.In 26 cases the configuration of the ovaries became normal. The differences were highly significant(P＜0.01) or significant (P＜0.05) as compared with the status of the ovaries before the treatment. Conclusion:Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with metformin combined with compound cyproterone acetate was shown to be safe and effective.
    • 药物制剂
  • 药物制剂
    Preparation of Imiquimod Cream and Its Clinical Application in the Treatment of Condyloma Acuminatum
    HE Qiying
    2004, 23(10): 768-0770.
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    To prepare imiquimod cream, a neotype topical immunomodulator for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum.Methods:The oil phase was formed by melting benzyl alcohol, isostearic acid, stearyl alcohol etc. with heat, while the water phase was shaped by melting glycerol, methylparaben, propylparaben etc. with heat as well. The cream matrix was wrought by adding the oil phase into the water phase and the imiquimod cream was finished by adding fine powder of imiquimod into the cream matrix. The content of imiquimod in the cream was determined with UV spectrophotometry, and the therapeutic effectiveness of the cream in the treatment of 125 patients with condyloma acuminatum was kept under observation.Results:The preparation technology of the imiquimod cream was simple and its quality controllable. The overall effective rate of the cream in the 8 week treatment of 125 cases of condyloma acuminatum was 97.60%. Conclusion:The imiquimod cream was shown to be an effective remedy in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum and may serve as the drug of first choice clinically for combating the disease.
  • 药物制剂
    Preparation of Zhuhuang Ointment and Its Clinical Application in the Treatment of Diaper Dermatitis
    MA Junling;LUO Yi
    2004, 23(10): 770-0772.
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    To prepare zhuhuang ointment and observe its clinical therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of diaper dermatitis. Methods:Phellodendron bark and lophatherum were mixed,ground and subjected to water reflux extraction. Ground substance in the form of cream prepared by ourselves was added to the extract and the mixture was stirred, homogenized and the preparation of zhuhuang ointment was then finished. The preparation was used clinically in the treatment of 87 cases of diaper dermatitis.Results:The preparation technology was simple and convenient. The overall effective rate in the treatment of 87 cases of diaper dermatitis was 97.7%.Conclusion:The preparation was shown to have a definite therapeutic effect in the treatment of diaper dermatitis.
    • 药物研究
  • 药物研究
    Modern Trends in the Quantitative Measurements of Medical Economics
    SONG Tao;WU Shiyu
    2004, 23(10): 800-0803.
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    Measurement of efficiency is one of the important missions of medical economics. Two kinds of methods with respect to assessment of the efficiency of medical service are presented in this paper. One is to measure the cost from the clinical data in order to reflect the relationship between efficiency and cost. For this sake, cost minimization analysis (CMA), cost effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost utility analysis (CUA) and cost benefit analysis (CBA) are most commonly used. The other is to assess efficiency directly by a series of econometric models. For instance, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) described in the paper are the two methods relatively popular abroad which are designed for measurement of the working efficiency of hospitals.
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