Archive

• 10 August 2003 Volume 22 Issue 8

    

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  药物研究
  论文
  药物与临床
  药品质量控制
  用药指南
  

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药物研究
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  药物研究

  An Experimental Study of the Antiviral Effect of Ganciclovir on Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus in Vitro

  LIU Haizhi;CHEN Suhua;QIAO Fuyuan;WANG Xinrong

  2003, 22(8): 516-518.

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  Objective:To appraise the antiviral activity of ganciclovir against guinea pig cytomegalovirs (GPCMV) in vitro. Methods:With the use of the cytopathy inhibition method, the antiviral effect of ganciclovir on GPCMV was studied in cultured fetal pneumocytes of the guinea pig. The inhibitory effect of ganciclovir on GPCMV was kept under observation after the drug had been used for 1 day as well as for 7 consecutive days.Results:The maximal tolerance concentration (TD0) of ganciclovir was 100 mg•L1, the minimal therapeutic concentration (MTC) was 10 mg•L1, and the therapeutic index (TI) was 10. The rate of inhibition of the drug directed at GPCMV was 99.63% in vitro. Application of ganciclovir for 7 successive days in vitro resulted in a striking inhibition of the cytopathy induced by GPCMV.Conclusion:Ganciclovir was shown to have a fairly high antiviral activity directed at GPCMV in vitro. The drug was found to be even more effective if it was used for several consecutive days. The present study also provides an experimental basis for the rational use of ganciclovir in clinical practice.
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  药物研究

  Effect of Sinomenine on Cytokine Expression by Synoviocytes in a Rat Model of Adjuvant Arthritis

  FANG Yongfei;WANG Yong;ZHOU Xin;ZHONG Bing;BAI Ganping;ZHANG Chun

  2003, 22(8): 519-523.

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  Objective:To survey the effect of sinomenine (SIN) on the activity of nuclear factorκB (NFκB) of and the expression of TNFα mRNA, IL1β mRNA as well as IL10 mRNA by synoviocytes in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis(AA) in order to clarify the possible mechanism underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods:The experimental rat model of adjuvant arthritis(AA) was used and synoviocytes were collected. The NFκB activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and mRNAs of TNFα, IL1β and IL10 were detected with reverse transcriptasePCR(RTPCR). Results:The NFκB activity of and expression of mRNAs of TNFα, IL1β and IL10 by synoviocytes were markedly increased. In a definite range of concentration, SIN was shown to inhibit the NFκB activity and the expression of the mRNAs of TNFα and IL1β in a concentrationdependent manner. However, inhibition of IL10 mRNA was not dependent on the SIN concentration. Conclusions:It seems possible that SIN decreases the mRNA expression of TNFα and IL1β by inhibiting the NFκB activity of synoviocytes
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  药物研究

  The Protective Effect of Liensinine on the Myocardium Injured by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

  WANG Hui;ZOU Ying;HE Wen;LUO Shunde

  2003, 22(8): 522-523.

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  Objective:To study the protective effect of liensinine on the myocardium injured by ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Methods:24 rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. In the sham operation group, a thread was passed beneath the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary artery, but the vessel was not ligated. In the injury group, the LAD branch was ligated for 10 min., followed by untying the knot for 30 min., leading to ischemia/reperfusion injury of the myocardinm. In the drug treatment group, rats were given each an IV injection of 5 mg•kg1 of liensinine before the ligation of the LAD branch. 30 min. after these procedures, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and serum from each animal was separated for the measurement of the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LPH) as well as determination of the content of malonyl dialdehyde (MDA). Besides, the extent of myocardial infarction (IS) was also measured. Results:The activity of serum CPK and LDH as well as the content of serum MDA were far much lower in animals of the drug treatment group than in those of the injury group. The extent of myocardial infarction was also much smaller in the drug treatment group than in the injury group. Conclusion:Liensinine was shown to possess a protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat myocardium.
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  药物研究

  An Experimental Study of the Effect of Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Lung Injury Following Severe Acute Pancreatitis in the Rat

  XU Xian;SUN Shiqi;ZHANG Zhenyu;FAN Kewu

  2003, 22(8): 523-526.

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  Objective:To probe into the mechanisms underlying the effect of dexamethasone(DEX) in the treatment of lung injury following severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)in a rat model,survey the dynamic expression of nuclear factorκB(NFκB)in the lung,and inquire into the potential role of NFκB in the signal transduction during the inflammatory reaction and the relationship between the activation of NFkB and SAP. Methods:108 SD rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: sham operation group(SO), SAP group, and SAP group treated with dexamethasone(DEX). The SAP model was brought about by injecting 0.1 mg/100 g of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct after the bile duct at the hepatic portal had been clamped. The NFκB activity in the lung was detected with the immunohistochemical technique and the levels of serum amylase, tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα) and interleukin6 (IL6) were also determined. Pathological histology of the pancreas and lung was studied under the light microscope. Results:In animals of the SAP group, NFκB began to express in the lung tissue and the levels of serum TNFα and IL6 started to increase 1 hour after the model had been built up. These parameters reached the peak 3 hours later and began to decline 6 hours thereafter. Dexamethasone was shown to downregulate the expression of NFκB expression in the lung, inhibit the production of TNFα and IL6 and mitigate the extent of injury of the lung tissue significantly(P＜0.05), thus leading to definite remission of SAP.Conclusion:The signal transduction factor NFκB was shown to be involved in the inflammatory response of the lung during SAP. The dramatic effect of dexamethasone in restraining inflammation and mitigating the injury of the lung tissue during SAP seemed to be closely related to its inhibitory effect on the expression of NFκB and modulatory action on the production of certain cytokines.
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  药物研究

  A Study of Propafenone Enantiomers in the Human Plasma with High Performance Liquid Chromatography

  ZHANG Jinan;CHEN Chaojun;XIANG Yanying;ZHANG Yi

  2003, 22(8): 526-528.

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  Objective:To set up an HPLC method for the determination of propafenone enantiomers in the human plasma and to provide analytic techniques for the clinical pharmacological study of the propafenone enantiomers. Methods:The internal standard method and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography were used for the determination of the concentrations of standard substances of Spropafenone and R propafenone and those of the coresponding enantiomers extracted from the human plasma. The mobile phase was methanolwaterglacial acetic acidtriethylamine in a ratio of 53∶47∶1.6∶0.5 by volume and the stationary phase was a column composed of Shaudou HypersilODS. Li1115 served as the internal standard and the flow rate was 1.2 mL•min1. The detection was carried out at UV 254 nm.Results:The sensitivity of the method was 0.01 AUF, the lowest detection limit was 20 ng, the linear range of the standard curve was from 50 μg•L1 to 800 μg•L1. The average rates of recovery of S propafenone and Rpropafenone were 86.03% and 84.17%, respectively, their RSD within a day being 8.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Conclusion:The method was shown to have a high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It may therefore be used in the clinical pharmacological study of propafenone enantiomers.
论文
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  论文

  An Appraisal of the Effect of Fosinopril on the Function of the Endothelium in Patients with Essential Hypertension

  LUO Gaojiang;WANG Jiru;HONG Xiaofei

  2003, 22(8): 529-530.

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  Objective:To probe into the effect of fosinopril on the active substances secreted by the endothelium in patients with essential hypertension. Methods:30 patients with essential hypertension served as the subjects of the study. 30 healthy volunteers were invited to be controls. Serum samples from patients with hypertension before the fusinopril treatment as well as from healthy controls were subjected to assays of NO, PGI2, ET1(endothelinI) and angiotensinⅡ. Patients with hypertension were then given each 10～20 mg of fusinopril PO, q.d. for 4 consecutive weeks. Sera from patients with hypertension were submitted to a repeated determination of NO, PGI2, ET1 and angiotensin Ⅱ after the treatment.Results:The serum levels of ET1 and angiotensin Ⅱ in patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those of the controls while the serum levels of NO and PGI2 in the patients definitely lower than those of the controls(P＜0.01). After the fosinopril treatment, the serum concentrations of ET1 and angiotensinⅡ dropped to obviously lower levels while the concentrations of NO and PGI2 reached much higher levels as compared with the results before the treatment. The effective rate of the drug in the patients studied was 86.7%.Conclusion:In the present study, a disorder of the function of the endothelium in parients with essential hypertension was demonstrated in that vasoconstrictive substances were increased while vasodilative substances decreased. Fosinopril was shown to decrease vasoconstrictive substances and increase vasodilative substances in these patients. These results suggest that fosinopril may restore the function of the endothelium.
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  论文

  The Effect of Valsartan in the Treatment of 26 Patients with Hypertension Complicated by Chronic Renal Failure

  JIN Tao

  2003, 22(8): 531-533.

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  Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of valsartan in the treatment of hypertension complicated by chronic renal failure.Methods:47 patients with hypertension complicated by chronic renal failure were randomly divided into 2 groups, the treatment group (n＝26) and control group (n＝21). On the basis of routine treatment, patients of the treatment group were given each 80mg of valsartan q.d., PO, while those of the control group were given each 5 mg of felodipine q.d. PO. The course of treatment in both groups lasted 4 weeks. Results:The effective rates were 76.9% and 57.1% (P＜0.05) in the treatment group and control group, respectively. The arterial blood pressure in patients of the treatment group dropped to a prominently lower level than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The amount of urinary protein was reduced in patients of the treatment group but not of the control group. The difference in Ccr between the two groups was insignificant. Conclusion:Valsartan was shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure, alleviating proteinuria and retarding the progress of renal insufficiency in patients with hypertension complicated by chronic renal failure. Oral administration of the drug was well tolerated and adverse reactions were mild.
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  论文

  A Costeffect Analysis of Nifedipine and Metoprolol in the Treatment of Hypertension

  ZHOU Bei

  2003, 22(8): 533-534.

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  Objective:To evaluate the pharmacoeconomic effect of nifedipin and metoprolol used alone and in combination in the treatment of hypertension. Methods: 90 patients with essential hypertension were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: A, B and C. Patients of group A were given each 25 mg of metoprolol PO, b.i.d.; patients of group B, 10 mg of nifedipine PO, b.i.d.; those of group C, both nifedipine and metoprolol in the same dose as in group A and B, PO, b.i.d. The course of treatment in all 3 groups lasted 4 weeks. Results:The total costs of group A, B and C schemes were 35.5,56.9,and 78.4 yuan, respectively, while the effective rates were 82.1%, 82.8% and 90.0%, respectively. The costeffect ratios were found to be 0.43, 0.69 and 0.87, respertively. Conclusion:Nifedipine in combination with metoprolol was shown to be the best scheme for the treatment of essential hypertension.
药物与临床
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  药物与临床

  Budesonide in Combination with Salbutamol in the Treatment of 61 Cases of Childhood Bronchial Asthma During Acute Episodes

  YI Taoyuan;LI Jianmu;LI Qionglin;AI Zhilong;JIANG Yi

  2003, 22(8): 540-541.

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  Objective:To survey the clinical effectiveness of budesonide combined with salbutamol in the treatment of acute episodes of childhood asthma. Methods:115 children with bronchial asthma during acute episodes were randomly divided into two groups: 61 in the treatment group and 54 in control group. Patients of the treatment group were given each an aerosol inhalation of 0.5－1.0 mg of budesonide combined with 0.25～1.00 mL of 0.5% solbutamol salution while patients of the control group were given aerosol inhalation of 0.5% salbutamol solution only. The inhalation lasted 7～10 min. in both groups.Results:The rates of clinical control were 47.5% and 33.3%, rates of excellent effect were 31.1% and 29.6%, rates of improvement were 16.4% and 24.1% and the total effective rates were 95.1% and 87.0% in the treatment group and control group, respectively. The effect of the treatment group was strikingly superior to that of the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion:Aerosol inhalation of budesonide in combination with salbutamol was shown to have definite effect and quick action in the emergency treatment of childhood bronchial asthma during its acute episodes. The author suggests to spread the clinical application of this therapeutic scheme
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  药物与临床

  The Effect of Fonzylane in the Treatment of 39 Cases of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates

  DENG Xianghong;LIU Dihui;XIA Ronghua;ZHENG Kaijun;LAI Wenying;LIN Ruzhu

  2003, 22(8): 542-543.

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  Objective:To survey the clinical effectiveness of fonzylane in the treatment of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Methods:81 newborns diagnosed as moderate HIE were divided randomly into two groups. 39 cases of the treatment group were given each a daily dose of 10 mg•kg1 of fonzylane in 20～30 mL of 5% glucose solution administered by intravenous instillation. 42 newborns of the control group were given each a daily dose of 0.125 g of citicoline in 20～30 mL of 5% glucose solution administerd by intravenous instillation as well. The course of treatment in both groups lasted 10 days. Results:The overall effective rates were 94.9% and 80.5%(P＜0.05) in the treatment group and control group, respectively. Recovery of serum Creatine Kinase isoenzymes (CKMB), Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) scoring and abatement of clinical symptoms in patients of the treatment group were far more striking than those of the control group (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05). No major adverse reactions were encountered.Conclusion:Fonzylane was shown to be fairly effective in the treatment of moderate HIE of neonates
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  药物与临床

  The Effect of Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy in the Treatment of 25 Cases of Refractory Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

  HU Guohua;YI Zhuwen;XIAO Jianwu

  2003, 22(8): 543-546.

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  Objective:To study the clinical effect of cyclophosphamide pulse therapy(CYPT) in the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome(RNS) in children and changes in serum levels of soluble interlukin 2receptor(sIL2R). Methods:55 cases of RNS were randomly divided into 2 groups: the treatment groups(n＝25) and control group(n＝30).Patients of the treatment group were given each fortnightly 10 mg•kg1 of CY in 100～150 mL of normal saline administered by Ⅳ instillation in 1～1.5 h for 2 consecutive days. This course of treatment was repeated for 6～8 times. The accumulated total dose of CY was within 100～150 mg•kg1. Patients of the control group were given each 5～6 mg•kg1•d1 of cyclosporin A(CysA) for a month. The dose of CysA could be increased to 10 mg•kg1 q.d. if the effect of the first course was not satisfactory. CysA was discontinued if no effect was obtained after 3 months of treatment. However, the drug was discontinued after 6 months of treatment if the effect proved to be good. Serum levels of sIL2R were determined with ELISA before and after the CYPT. Results:The average remission stages were 36.2±3.6 and 11.6±3.8 months, and the remission rates were 72.0% and 26.7% in patients of the treatment group and control group, respectively (P＜0.01, P＜0.01). The recurrence rates 6, 18 and 48 months after the treatment were significantly lower in patients of the treatment group than those of the control group(P＜0.01). The serum sIL2R level was significantly lowered after the CYPT(P＜0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion:CYPT was shown to be fairly effective in the treatment of RNS in children and serum sIL2R level may be used as an index to monitor the effect of the drug.

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  药物与临床

  Lansoprazole in the Treatment of 42 Cases of Reflux Esophagitis

  ZHANG Yan

  2003, 22(8): 546-547.

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  Objective:To assess the therapeutic effectiveness of lansoprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Methods:84 patients with reflux esophagitis diagnosed with endoscopy were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, with 42 cases in each group. Patients of the treatment group were given each 30 mg of lansoprazole q.d. PO, while those of the control group were given each 5 mg of mosapride t.i.d. PO. The course of treatment in both groups lasted 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms including heartburn, chest pain, acid regurgitation and belching, as well as endoscopic findings and 24h intraesophageal pH monitoring were used as indices for assessing the curative effects. Results:The effective rates of lansoprazole and mosapride were 71.4% and 52.4%(P＜0.05), respectively, at the end of the second week of treatment, and 83.3% and 76.2% (P＞0.05), respectively, at the end of the 4th week. Meanwhile, the effective rates as shown by endoscopy were 90.5% and 85.7%(P＞0.05), respectively, in the treatment group and the control group. The data reflecting the amelioration of intraesophageal pH in both groups were similar(P＞0.05). However, in patients with grade Ⅱ～Ⅳ esophagitis, the drug effects revealed by endoscopy and the amelioration of intraesophageal pH were more pronounced in the treatment group than in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Lansoprazole was shown to have a good therapeuctic effect in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. In particular, lansoprazole was superior to mosapride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis over grade Ⅱ.
药品质量控制
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  药品质量控制

  A Study of the Quality Standard for Sinomenine Gel

  ZHANG Xianzhou;ZHOU Yanan;LUO Shunde;XUE Chengbin;CAI Haiyan

  2003, 22(8): 571-572.

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  Objective:To formulate a quality control standard for sinomenine gel. Methods:TLC and UV spectrophotometry were employed for the identification of sinomenine. The content of sinomenine in the gel was determined with RPHPLC(Reversed phase highperformance liquid chromatography). The column was composed of packed ODS C18 and a methanolpH 6.8, 0.01 mol•L1 NaH2PO4(50∶50 by volume) mixture served as the mobile phase. Chloramphenicol was used as the internal standard. Results:The TLC identification was highly specific and the spots were clear and concentrated. The spots of the control and test samples appeared on the same positions. The maximum UV absorption wavelength was 263nm, and the average rate of recovery was 99.6%±1.3%. Conclusion:The method was shown to be simple and convenient, rapid and accurate and suitable for the quality control of sinomenine gel.
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  药品质量控制

  Determination of the Content of Piracetam in the Tablets with HPLC

  YU Xinzhen

  2003, 22(8): 572-573.

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  Objective:To determine the content of piracetam in the tablets with HPLC. Methods:An Alltima C8(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)column was used as the stationary phase; the mobile phase was composed of methanol and water (50∶50 by volume); the flow rate 1.0 mL•min1; detection wavelength, 210 nm.Results:The linerarity of piracetin was good within the range of 25～150 mg•L1(r＝1.000), The average rate of recovery was 99.7%, RSD＝0.37%(n＝9).Conclusion:The method was shown to be sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It should be adopted in the determination of the content of piracetam in the tablets
用药指南
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  用药指南

  Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

  GAO Saiying

  2003, 22(8): 575-577.

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  Objective:To study the antibiotic resistance of bacteria causing infections of the lower respiratory tract. Methods:Sputum or blood samples from 107 patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract positive for the causative bacteria were collected. Resistance of the bracteria to antibiotics in common use was assayed.Results:In the causative microbes recovered from the 107 positive sputum or blood samples, 127 bacteria, 40 types, Grampositive bacteria accounted for 42.5%, gramnegative bacteria 50.4%, and fungi 7.1%. As shown by drug sensitivity tests, most of the pathogens were resistant to many kinds of antibiotics. Conclusion:A readjustment in the principles of treatment with antibiotics should be made in order to decrease or put off the occurrence of resistance of bacteria causing lower respiratory infections to antibiotics.