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    药物研究
  • 药物研究
    ZENG Yujie;FU Liying;PENG Xiangsheng;FENG Yibai;YU Shilong
    2002, 21(08): 479-481.
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    Objective:To appraise the in vivo effects of the 3rd generation βadrenergic receptor blocker carvedilol(CVD) on the myocardial ultrastructure in a rat model of acute myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury. Methods:8 rats of the treatment group were given each a daily dose of 1 mg•kg1 of CVD through a stomach tube for 7 consecutive days before the induction of myocardial infarction. No drug was given in the 8 rats of the control group. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery(LAD) for 30 min. Untying of the ligation was followed by 360 min of reperfusion. The animals were sacrificed at the termination of reperfusion for further study. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CKMB, and MDA were determined. Tissue samples removed from the infarcted areas were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results:In CVD treated rats, the release of LDH, CKMB, and MDA were reduced(P<0.05). In the myocardial tissue of the control animals, patchy or focal necrosis of myocytes, disorganization of intercalated discs and extensive infiltration of reactive neutrophil granulocytes among necrotic myocytes were demonstrated under the light microscope and electron microscope. In animals of the CVD treated group, the injury of myocytes as well as the infilhation of granulocylus was much less prominent and the structure of intercalated discs was basically normal. Conclusion:CVD was shown to provide an evident protective effect on ischemia reperfusion myocardium.
  • 药物研究
    YANG Yu;ZHA Zhongling;ZHU Hui;WANG Zhiyong
    2002, 21(08): 481-482.
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    Objective:To study the analgesic effect of the general extract of angelica sinensis and its four separated portions. Methods:The herbal pieces of Radix Angelicas Sinensis were subjected to decoction and alcohol precipitation. Solvents were recovered from the supernatant and a general extract of the drug was obtained. The extract was then separated by silica gel column chromatography into chloroform portion(A), absolute ethyl alcohol portion(B),methanol portion(C) and aqueous portion(D).The number of writhing reactions in mice after intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid was used to appraise the analgesic effect of the general extract, A,B,C, D and sodium ferulate, respectively which had been administered to the mice separately for 3 consecutive days prior to the experiment. Thinlayer chromatography was used to determine the existence of sodium ferulate in the general extract and its four separated portions with the use of three different mobile phases.Results:The general extract and all of its four separated portions were found to have analgesic effects. Among them, the aqueous portion displayed the strongest action. Sodium ferulate was present in the general extract, chloroform portion and absolute ethyl alcohol portion but not in the aqueous portion. Conclusion:Sodium ferulate is not the only active substance with analgesic effect in angelica sinensis. Constituents with greater analgesic activity were found in the aqueous portion endowed with greater polarity.
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
    SONG Xiuling;LENG Ling;HE Jingyue
    2002, 21(08): 483-484.
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    Objective:To study the effect of acarbose on lipid metabolism in patients with Type Ⅱdiabetes mellitus. Method:56 cases of Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus accompanied with hyperlipemia were randomly divided into 2 groups. On the basis of the original treatment scheme for diabetes, 30 patients of the treatment group were given each a daily dose of 150~300 mg of acarbose PO for 3 consecutive months, 26 patients of the control group did not receive any additional treatment. Results:After the termination of the threemonth medication, there was a significant decrease in the levels of fasting blood glucose, 2hour postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC)(P<0.01) in patients of the treatment group. Meanwhile, there was an evident rise in the level of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC)(P<0.05) and an insignificant drop in the level of triglycerides (TG) in these patients. Such changes were not observed in patients of the control group. Conclusion:In addition to the blood glucose lowering effect in the treatment of diabetes, acarbose is also capable of alleviating the patients’ disturbance of lipid metabolism.
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
    SHI Changhong;ZHU Xiuhua
    2002, 21(08): 485-486.
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    Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of repaglinide in the treatment of Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus. Method:40 patients with Type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus meeting the 1985 WHO diagnosis criteria were treated with repaglinide. Patients were given each 0.5 mg of repaglinide PO 15 min before each meal. A supplementary dose was administered before an additional meal. If a meal was missed, the corresponding dose was omitted. Fasting blood glucose and 2 h postprandial blood glucose were determined fortnightly. The dose of repaglinide was increased to 1.0~1.5 mg before meal if blood glucose had not been well controlled. The observation lasted 12 weeks. Levels of blood lipid, glucose and insulin before and after the treatment were compared. Results:A remarkable fall in the levels of fasting and 2 h postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and tyiglyceride was demonstrated (P<0.01) after the treatment. In the meantime, the level of 2 h postprandial insulin rose significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion:Repaglinide is an effective remedy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The incidence of adverse reactions including hypoglycemia is low. It may improve the diabetics’ compliance with treatment
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
    XU Zhiliang;ZHANG Wanling;ZHANG Shunguo
    2002, 21(08): 487-488.
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    Objective:To clarify the situation and to make an objective appraisal of the clinical application of antidiabetic drugs used in hospitals of Shanghai during a period from 1998 to 2000 so as to give advices for organizations of production, selling and application of the drugs. Methods:To inquire into the situation of antidiabetic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during a period from 1998 to 2000 with respect to the sum of money in transaction, assortment and amount of drugs, their DDDs and clinical evaluation. Results:In the recent 3 years, the DDDs ratios of domestic insulin preparations to those produced by joint ventures or imported were 1∶1.10, 1∶1.68 and 1∶2.39, respectively. The annual DDDs growth rate of oral antidiabetic drugs in 1999 and 2000 were 23.29% and 40.06%, respectively. Conclusion:Antidiabetic drugs are currently a kind of common remedies with a promising future in China.
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
    WU Xiaoyun;LI Jucheng;WANG Jianhua;ZHANG Guoxing
    2002, 21(08): 489-490.
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    Objective:To survey the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the protein metabolism, healing of wound surface, antiinfective capability and prognosis in adult patients with severe burns. Methods:36 patients with severe burns with wound surfaces covering more than 60% of total body surface area (TBSA) were enrolled in this placebocontrolled prospective study. They were comparable in nutrient intake, TBSA, and full thickness burn areas. Patients of both the treatment group and control group were subjected to supportive therapy with nutrients, surgical operation and antiinfective management. 18 patients of the treatment group were given each rhGH subcutaneously in a dose of 0.2 U•kg1 at 8 am each morning for 10~20 consecutive days beginning from postoperation day 1. Patients of the control group were given normal saline as placebo. The general condition, protein catabilisn, healing time of wound area and autologous skindonor site healing rate of the total wound surface on the 30th day after burn and duration of hospitalization of patients of the two groups were compared. Results:In patients of the treatment group, there was a better general condition, smaller decrease in body weight and smaller amount of antibiotics needed postoperatively. The duration of the use of the healing time of autologous skin pulp grafting and donor sites, and the period of hospitalization in patients of the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in patients of the control group. Conclusion:rhGH was found to promote protein anabolism, shorten the time of wound surface healing, enhance immunity and shorten the period of hospitalization in patients with severe burns.
  • 激素及影响内分泌的药物专栏
    2002, 21(08): 491-491.
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  • 药物与临床
  • 药物与临床
    WANG Huafeng
    2002, 21(08): 497-498.
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    Objective:To survey the clinical therapeutic effectiveness of naloxone in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Method:65 neonates with HIE were randomly divided into two groups. Patients of the naloxone treatment group(n=37) were given each a daily dose of 0.1 mg•kg1 of naloxone via the intravenous route for one week. Neonates of the control group (n=28) were subjected to the routine treatment, lasting 7 days too. Results:The average time of disappearance of clinical symptoms was significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.01) The rate of recovery from and alleviation of brain injury as revealed by CT was evidently higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The therapeutic effectiveness of naloxone in the treatment of HIE was apparently better than that of routine therapy. Adverse reactions were rare in the use of naloxone.
  • 药物与临床
    LI Hui
    2002, 21(08): 498-499.
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    Objective:To survey the therapeutic effectiveness of HLDC Soup as an adjunct in the treatment of pneumonia in children. Methods:104 children with pneumonia were randomly divided into two groups, On the basis of routine treatment, 54 patients of the treatment group were given PO agematched doses of HLDC soup until recovery from the illness was reached. 50 patients of the control group received conventional treatment including antibacterial or antiviral agents given by intravenous dripping. Results:The average time of medication necessitated by patients of the treatment group was 6 days while that control group, 10 days. The total effective rate was 94.4% in the treatment group and 90.0% in the control group. Conclusion:As an adjunct, HLDC soup was found to have a good effect in the treatment of pneumonia in children.
  • 药物与临床
    JIANG Hongfeng;DAI Wei;YANG Jun
    2002, 21(08): 500-501.
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    Objective:To appraise the clinical effectiveness and safety rate of ceftriaxone in the treatment of becterial infections. Methods:In the treatment group, 64 patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory or urinary tract were treated with ceftriaxone, while 65 patients with similar infections of the control group were treated with lomefloxacine. The clinical effectiveness and adverse reactions of the drugs were noticed. Results:The rates of clinical effectiveness and bacterial clearance in the treatment group were 92.2% and 92.6%, respectively, while those in the control group, 75.4% and 78.6%, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 4.7%, while that of the control group 16.9%. Conclusion:Ceftriaxone is an effective and safe drug for the teatment of bacterial infections of the lower respiratory and urinary tracts.
  • 药物与临床
    TIAN Yi;MA Jie;LU Zongzheng;WANG Wangdong
    2002, 21(08): 501-503.
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    Objective:To study the changes in liver and kidney functions of heroin dependents before and after abstinence. Method:The values of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transominase (AST), creatinine (Cr), whole blood nitrogen (BUN), urine alphamicroglobulin (αlMG) and albumin (ALB) obtained before and after abstinence from 60 heroin dependence hospitalized in the Abstinence Center of Wuhan were compared with those from 70 normal people coming to the Xinhua hospital for somatoscopy. Results:The values of serum ALT, AST, urine αlMG and ALB obtained from heroin dependence before abstinence were obviously higher than those of the normal controls, while the changes in BUN and serum Cr of the dependence were insignificant. After abstinence, the serum ALT and AST decreased to some extent as compared with the preabstinence values, but were still evidently higher than those of the normal controls. However their urine αlMG and ALB tended to turn normal. Disturbances of liver and kidney functions were demonstrated in heroin dependence. The disturbances of kidney functions were less serious and could be monitored early by examining the presence of urine αlMG and ALB. The disturbances of liver functions, however, were found to persist for a certain period. Normal liver functions were not completely restored with the termination of abstinence. Conclusion:It is important to monitor changes in liver and kidney functions of heroin dependence during abstinence and to understand the laws of these changes so as to plan for a better combined treatment.
  • 药品质量控制
  • 药品质量控制
    LUO Qi;WANG Fuxin
    2002, 21(08): 513-514.
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    Objective:To survey the situation of micro particulate matters in bottled sodium chloride solutions of different volumes for intravenous administration in the hope of ensuring safety in the clinical application of the solutions. Method:Insoluble microparticulate matters in sodium chloride solutions of different volumes were separately examined with a specialized electronic particle counter. Results:The number of microparticulate matters in small volume (10 mL/ampul) 0.9% sodium chloride solutions did not exceed the control standard. However, the number of microparticulate matters in more than 50% of the remnants of large volume (500 mL/bottle) 0.9% sodium chloride solutions, the bulk of which had been used up by repeated aspiration for dissolving powdered remedies, exceeded the control standard. Conclusion:Small volume sodium chloride solutions should be used for dissolving powdered remedies or diluting concentrated injections for intravenous administration.
  • 药品质量控制
    LU Laichun;ZHANG Rong
    2002, 21(08): 514-516.
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    Objective:To determine the content of glimepiride in its stock product and capsule dosage form by a new HPLC method. Method:The separation was performed on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. The mobile phase was a methanolphosphate buffer solution (75∶30, V/V). The ultraviolet wavelength was set at 244 nm. Results:The method showed good linearity (r=0.999 9); The average recovery rate was 100.7%. The withinday RSD was between 0.78% and 1.20%, and interday RSD between 0.39% and 1.52%. Conclusion:The method was simple, convenient and accurate and can be used for the quality control of glimepiride in its stock product and capsule dosage form.
  • 药物介绍
  • 药物介绍
    2002, 21(08): 520-521.
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