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  • 01 July 2015 Volume 34 Issue 7
      
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  • Screening for the Bioactive Fraction of Smilax china L.on Inhibition of ExperimentallyInduced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
    CHEN Jing, PENG Huashan, RUAN Jinlan
    2015, 34(7): 847-850. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.001
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    Objective To study the effect of extracts of Smilax china L.on inhibition of the experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and screen the effective fraction. Methods The BPH model was built on the castrated rats by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate.Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n＝6):sham operation, model control, petroleum ether fraction, acetic ether fraction, n-butyl alcohol fraction, water fraction, macroporous resin fraction(FMR), and total extracts group.The rats were treated with testosterone propionate by subcutaneous injection for consecutive 3 weeks.Meanwhile, rats were orally administrated with the six extract fractions of S.china L.After the last administration, serum was separated for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (PACP), prostate was weighed and histopathological examination was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of S.china L.against BPH. Results All of the six fractions from S.china L.could inhibit BPH, and the n-butanol fraction, water fraction and FMR showed better inhibitory effect, which significantly decreased the prostatic index by 52.80%, 50.93% and 67.70%, respectively, remarkably reduced serum PACP, and notably improved the prostate gland morphology compared with the model group.Among the three fractions, FMR showed the strongest effect against BPH. Conclusion S.china L.ameliorates the experimentally prostatic hyperplasia, and FMR showes the best effect, which might be the bioactive components against BPH.
  • Effects of Shuxuetongmai Capsule on Expression of p38MAPK in Rats with CerebralIschemia/Reperfusion
    LIU Tai,HUANG Deqing,ZHANG Yuankan,LI Dan,HUANG Shuwu,TAN Lulu,LIU Yonghui, LI Sheng,YAO Ping,SONG Xi,HE Qianchao
    2015, 34(7): 851-855. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.002
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    Objective To explore the neuroprotection of Shuxuetongmai capsule pretreatment,and the effect on the expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Methods Ninety-six male SD rats were divided randomly into sham-operated group,ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R),ischemia preconditioning group (IP),and Shuxuetongmai group(n=24).Each group was further randomly divided into 4 subgroups by 3 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h after reperfusion, 6 rats in each subgroup.Sham-operated group was only performed artery separation .The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model was set up in I/R rats by Longa method.The IP rats were performed for three minutes on the bilateral carotid artery ligation, and formed MCAO model 24 hours later.The rats in the Shuxuetongmai group were pretreated with Shuxuetongmai capsules for 14 days on gavage before the establishment of MCAO model.The neurological deficits were graded in rats by Zea Longa method.Western Blot was used to determine the protein expression of p38MAPK and P-p38MAPK.Tunel method was applied to detect the apoptosis of neurons and the relationship between expression of p38MAPK, P-p38MAPK and apoptosis of neuron. Results No neurological dysfunction appeared in the sham-operated group at each time points, but not for the other groups, which reached the peak at 24 h.Compared with the I/R group, IP group and Shuxuetongmai group presented the mild neurologic function deficiency at different time points in rats (P＜0.05), and no significant differences occurred between ischemia preconditioning group and Shuxuetongmai group (P＞0.05).The obvious variation of the value of P-p38MAPK/p38MAPK was not detected in sham-operated group at different time points, while obviously presented in I/R group, and the ratios of P-p38MAPK/p38MAPK were increased gradually followed with reperfusion, approaching to the highest level at 24 h.Compared with the I/R group, the P-p38MAPK/p38MAPK declined from 3 h and to the lowest level at 24 h of reperfusion, in both IP and Shuxuetongmai groups(P＜0.05), and with similar phosphorylation.At different time points,very few neurons apoptosis were detected in sham-operated groups, but which increased gradually after reperfusion in other groups, and reached to the peak at 24 h.The neurons apoptosis in both IP group and Shuxuetongmai group were less than that in IR group (P＜0.05) at different time points, and it showed no significant differences on neurons apoptosis between ischemia/preconditioning group and Shuxuetongmai group in rats (P＞0.05). Conclusion Shuxuetongmai capsule pretreatment can induce brain ischemic tolerance,attenuate the apoptosis of neurons in cerebral ischemia reperfusion,and improve neurologic function.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of p38MAPK phosphorylation.
  • Effects of Osthole on Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in vitro
    LI Shaoheng,HU Yu,YAO Yingjia,JIAO Yanan,KONG Liang,YANG Qingping,TAO Zhenyu,YANG Jingxian
    2015, 34(7): 856-859. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.003
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    Objective To investigate the effects of osthole on neural stem cells (NSCs) differentiation and explore the potential mechanism. Methods Brain-derived NSCs from newborn mice were isolated and cultured in vitro and determined by immunofluorescence.The P5 generations of NSCs were placed in culture solution with osthole at concentrations of (0,10,50,100 μmol·L－1).The neuron, astrocyte and oligodendroglia cell differentiation were determined by immunofluorescence.The mRNA expression of Notch 1 and its target genes Mash 1 and Neurogenin 2 (Ngn 2) were assessed by RT-PCR. Results The neurosphere displayed Nestin and Sox 2-postive by immunofluorescence, suggesting that the cultured cells were NSCs.Osthole promoted NSCs differentiating into more neuron(P＜0.01) and oligodendrocyte(P＜0.05), but not astrocyte.Meanwhile, osthole significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Notch 1(P＜0.01) and increased Ngn 2(P＜0.01)at the dose of 100 μmol·L－1. Conclusion Osthole enhances NSCs differentiating into more neuron and oligodendrocyte via probablly inhibiting Notch signal pathway.
  • Protection of Lycopene Against the Injury of Vascular Endothelial Cells
    NING Jing, ZHANG Song, ZHANG Yuhang
    2015, 34(7): 860-865. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.004
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    Objective To study the protective effect of lycopene on vascular endothelial cell injury by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Methods CSE was prepared and the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assigned into four groups, cells in control were untreated,and cells in other three groups were treated by 10%CSE, 10%CSE+1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene and 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene, respectively.Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay.The intracelluar reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by ROS assay kits.Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.SIRT1 expression was detected by real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results Cell viability in 10%CSE group, 10%CSE+1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene or 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group was (56.7±5.1)%,(75.6±7.1)% and (95.5±9.7)%, respectively.ROS assay showed that the relative fluorescence intensity in the control was 25.3±3.9, however, in 10%CSE group, 10%CSE+1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group or 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group were 67.3±4.6, 45.3±3.9 and 20.8±2.9, respectively.10%CSE could induce G2 arrested and which could be antagonized by 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene.The apoptosis rate in the control, 10%CSE group, 10%CSE+1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group or 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group was (6.2±0.5)%, (30.8±4.3)%, (18.3±1.9)% and (7.6±0.4)%, respectively.As shown in qRT-PCT testing, compared with the control, mRNA of SIRT1 in 10%CSE group, 10%CSE+1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group and 1.0 μmol·L－1 lycopene group was (0.51±0.03) fold, (0.84±0.05) fold, and (1.31±0.08) fold compared to the control, the data from western blot were consistent with qRT-PCR results. Conclusion Lycopene can prevent HUVECs from injury induced by CSE by upregulation of SIRT1.
  • Protective Effect of Yulangsan Polysaccharide Against Hepatic Injury in Mice
    RUAN Wenfu,DUAN Wenming,LIANG Xingmei,CHEN Zhaoni,HUANG Renbin
    2015, 34(7): 866-870. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.005
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    Objective To investigate the protective effect of Yulangsan polysacharide (YLSPS) and mechanism against ibuprofen-induced liver injury in mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into the blank control(NC), the model control,YLSPS at 150 mg·kg－1, 300 mg·kg－1,600 mg·kg－1 groups and biphenyldicarboxylate (150 mg·kg－1 BPDC) group.The mice were orally administered with corresponding agents once per day for consecutive 14 days,whereas the blank control group and model control group were orally administered with saline.Except the blank control group, all the other mice were orally administered IBU 200 mg·kg－1 body weight once 2 h after last lavaged of medicines. The mice were fasted and watered ad lib for 20 h after model establishment.Activities of ALT,AST and ALP,content of T-BiL,TNF-α,IL-6 in serum;activities of SOD,GSH-Px and content of MDA in liver tissue were detected.The morphological pathology test was used to examine degrees of hepatic injury. Results Compared with the model control group, YLSPS could obviously reduce activities of ALT,AST and ALP,content of T-BiL,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6, and increase SOD,GSH-Px and CAT (P＜0.05), and then lessen the hepatic injury. Conclusion YLSPS showed potential protective effect against ibuprofen-induced liver injury in mice, the mechanism may be related to attenuating free radical injury and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and lowering release of inflammatory factors.
  • In vitro Reguation of YC-1 on the Chemotherapy Sensitivity of Ovarian Cancer
    HUANG Jinling,HONG Li,HONG Shasha,MIN Jie,HU Ming,ZHAO Yang,YANG Qing
    2015, 34(7): 871-874. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.006
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    Objective To investigate the contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitor YC-1 to cisplatin chemo-sensitivity to human ovarian cancer cells A2780s in vitro. Methods Ovarian cancer cells were divided into four groups which were treated with saline, YC-1, cisplatin, and YC-1 + cisplatin, separately, mRNA of HIF-1α and VEGF in the A2780s cells were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR by calculating 2-△△CT;the protein were detected by Western blot, to evaluate the change of hypoxia and angiogenesis capabilities under the ovarian cancer microenvironment. Results Compared with the control group, mRNA and protein of HIF-1α and VEGF expressed less in the group of YC-1, cisplatin and YC-1+cisplatin;while, those in the group of YC-1 + cisplatin were lower than the monotherapy (P＜0.05), but no significant difference was detected between the YC-1 and cisplatin groups, and the expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA were positively related(r=0.830 5)in each group. Conclusion YC-1 exerts the antitumor effect and may contribute to sensitivity to cisplatin in the therapy of ovarian cancer.
  • Protection of Edaravone on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Renal Tubular EpithelialCells in Rats
    ZHANG Min, SHEN Jianming
    2015, 34(7): 875-878. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.007
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    Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of edaravone against rat renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by cisplatin. Methods The rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were divided into the control, model control (50 μmol·mL－1 cisplatin), group A (50 μmol·mL－1 cisplatin plus 10 μmol·mL－1 edaravone), B (50 μmol·mL－1 cisplatin plus 20 μmol·mL－1 edaravone), and C (50 μmol·mL－1 cisplatin plus 40 μmol·mL－1 edaravone).The cell proliferation ability, content of malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), level of reactive oxygen species(ROS), rate of apoptosis, express of protein and mRNA of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 activation of cell were detected. Results The proliferation and SOD activity in NRK-52E cells declined, malondialdehyde and ROS were elevated upon being co-cultured with cisplatin.Moreover, the rate of apoptosis, express of protein and mRNA of Bax and Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 activation of cells were upregulated compared to the control group.However, edaravone stimulated cell proliferation, enhanced SOD activity and protein and mRNA of Bcl-2 and lowered content of malondialdehyde, level of ROS, rate of apoptosis, express of Bax protein and mRNA and Caspase-3 activation of cell(P＜0.05). Conclusion Edaravone can alleviate rat renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by cisplatin, via inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating cell apoptosis.
  • Analgestic Effect of Scalp Nerve Block with Ropivacaine Hydrochloride at Different TimePoints After Craniotomy
    WU Zongfang, WANG Peng, LUO Fang, LI Hongyi, ZHOU Lingli, HU Xiaohui
    2015, 34(7): 879-882. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.008
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    Objective To observe the effect of scalp nerve block (SNB) with ropivacaine hydrochloride at different time points on pain management after craniotomy. Methods Ninety patients undergoing craniotomy were randomly divided into 3 groups:group A, SNB conducted before surgery;group B, SNB conducted after surgery;group C, SNB conducted both before and after surgery, with 0.5% of ropivacaine hydrochloride in each group.All patients received the same general anesthesia and diclofenac sodium were administered rectally as rescue analgesics.Sites and duration of surgeries, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration during incision, HR and SBP levels during the course of surgery and postoperative period, the VAS scores, GCS and Ramsay scores at 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 h postoperatively, time of the first rescue appication analgesics and total consumption of rescue analgesics, the adverse effects, awareness under anesthesia were analyzed, respectively, as well as local anesthesia relevant adverse events and time of wound healing. Results The end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was significantly decreased in group B (3.19±0.36)% as compared with group A (1.81±0.24)% and C (1.77±0.33)% (P＜0.05);The VAS scores of group A (3.77±2.27, 4.20±2.09) at 2 and 4 h were higher than those in group B (2.77±1.98,3.20±2.20) and C (2.97±1.77,2.27±1.93) (P＜0.05), while at other time points the differences were not significant (P＞0.05);Compared with group A (600 mg), the consumption of rescue analgesics of group B (300 mg) and C (250 mg) were statistically lower (P＜0.05);Vital signs, GCS, Ramsay scores, time of the first rescue analgesics postoperatively used, and time of wound healing among the three groups were not various significantly (P＞0.05);The relevant side effects were not various statistically, and there were no patients suffering from obvious awareness under anesthesia, pruritus, respiratory depression or local anesthesia relevant adverse effects. Conclusion SNB conducted before surgery can decrease the consumption of sevoflurane during incision, but has limited analgesic effects postoperatively.SNB conducted after surgery may provide transitional analgesia for neurosurgical patients undergoing craniotomy, while SNB conducted both before and after surgery does not show significantly longer analgesic time in postoperative pain management.
  • Forty Cases of Therapy for Mental Retardation Associated with Agitation by ZiprasidoneMesylate
    PING Junhui, PAN Fei, ZHONG Zhaoxi, WANG Lina, ZHANG Jingdan, CAO Yonghe
    2015, 34(7): 899-902. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.015
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    Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ziprasidone mesylate injection on the acute agitation symptom in mental retardation. Methods The total of 80 patients of mental retardation with acute agitation symptoms were randomly divided into two groups:the treatment group (40 patients) were intra-muscarly given with ziprasidone mesylate injection at the initial dose of 10 mg, 20 mg 4 h later, and 30 mg once on the second day and third day.And the control group (40 patients) were treated with haloperidol injection.The volume dose of haloperidol was 20 mg everyday.Other antipsychotic drugs, antimanic drugs and benzodiazepines were not allowed to be used during the observation, neither does the prophylactic use of drugs against parkinson's disease.Before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after treatment, the positive and negative scale (PANSS) reduction rate, the end of the clinical global impression scale (CGI) were assessed.By the end of the treatment, the adverse reactions symptom, cale (TESS) was assessed for the safety. Results By the end of treatment PANSS reduction rate was 46.31% in the test group and 48.81% in the control group, the clinical improvement rate was 80.00% in the treatment group and 82.50% in the control group.No statistically significant difference on efficacy was found between two groups.The side reaction rate in the treatment group was 27.5%, that in the control group was 40.0%, there was significant difference (P＜0.05) between two groups, but the extrapyramidal reaction in the control group was significantly more than that in the treatment group(P＜0.05). Conclusion Ziprasidone mesylate injection is effective on treating the symptoms of mental retardation, in corresponding to the effect of haloperidol injection,and with less extrapyramidal reactions.
  • Forty Cases of Adjuvant Therapy for Elderly Patients with Ulcerative Colitis Assciatedwith Anxiety /Depression by Paroxetine Hydrochloride
    LI Nan, LU Yanru
    2015, 34(7): 903-905. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.016
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    Objective To investigate the efficacy of paroxetine hydrochloride on elderly ulcerative colitis with anxiety / depression as adjuvant treatment. Methods The total of 80 cases of elderly ulcerative colitis with anxiety / depression were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups (n= 40 cases).The mild or moderate UC patients in the control group were treated with mesalazine enteric coated tablets 1 g,tid,po or 1 g,qid,po, respectively;upon the complete treatment for 2 weeks, the patients with lower response were added with prednisone acetate tablets 10 mg,qid,po;and the patients in the treatment group were treated with paroxetine hydrochloride tablets starting from 10 mg·d－1 to 20 mg·d－1 3 days later, for 2 months in addition to the basic treatment as those in the control group.No alcohol, no coffee and no irritated foods were allowed during the treatment;regular reexamination was taken once for every 2 weeks.The clinical manifestations and colonoscopy Mayo composite score and Hamilton anxiety / depression (HAMA/HAMD) score test were assessed for every patient before and after treatment, to detect the improvement after treatment. Results After treatment,the Mayo scores of the treatment group decreased significantly in comparison to the control group,with the total efficiency was markedly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);HAMA and HAMD in treatment group were obviously lower than those before treatment ( both P＜0.01);HAMA and HAMD scores in the control group displayed no variation after treatment. Conclusion The adjuvant therapy of paroxetine hydrochloride remarkably improves the clinical and endoscopic manifestations of elderly patients with ulcerative colitis with anxiety/depression.
  • Qualitative Detection for Polymorphs in Solid Pharmaceutical Preparations by Powder XRay Diffraction
    YANG Shiying,XING Cheng,ZHANG Li,SUN Jialin,DU Guanhua,LYU Yang
    2015, 34(7): 930-934. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.023
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    Objective To establish a method for qualitative identification of polymorphs in pharmaceutical solid preparations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Methods We obtained the powder diffraction patterns of the polymorphic drug substance like nimodipine and roxithromycin in solid preparation material and completed quantitative identification for polymorphs by the quantitative detection and using Powder X Ray Diffraction technology, deduction calculation through the powder X-ray diffraction and comparing with standard diagram. Results Through the analysis of nimodipine and roxithromycin which came from 27 batches of solid preparations from 11 different manufacturers,and comparing to the standard patterns of pure polymorphs,the quantitative identification of different crystalline states of API in pharmaceutical preparations was established. Conclusion The qualitative detection method for polymorphs of API in pharmaceutical preparations by powder X-ray diffraction has wide applicability and high accuracy,which can be used to identify the polymorphism of API in solid preparation,and also used to control the quality of solid preparations commonly as a qualitative analysis method.
  • Determination of Paraquat Adsorbability to Four Field Soils of Guangxi Province by HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Method
    2015, 34(7): 938-941. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.025
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    Objective To study paraquat adsorbability of different field soils in Guangxi province of China. Methods HPLC method was adopted to measure the peak area of paraquat in three different media of four types of soils.Chromatographic column was Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (including 0.03 mol·L－1 sodium heptanesulfonate and 0.24 mol·L－1 phosphoric acid) at a ratio of 3:97 (pH adjusted to 2.0 by triethylamine).Detection wave length was 258 nm; column temperature was 25 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL; flow rate was 0.8 mL·min－1.The peak areas of paraquat before and after being adsorbed were compared to calculate the adsorption rate of paraquat in different soils. Results All tested soil samples possessed the adsorption rate of paraquat over 99.0%. Conclusion Four common field soils in Guangxi province can be used as temporary effective absorbents for the first-aid of paraquat poisoning.
  • Extraction and Inclusion Technology for Volatile oil from Wenweiyang Capsules
    TANG Yongchen, LIANG Xuezheng, LYU Jianwei, XIE Sheng, ZHEN Hanshen, QIU Qin, ZENG Kun
    2015, 34(7): 942-945. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.026
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    Objective To optimize the volatile oil extraction and inclusion process of Wenweiyang capsules. Methods An orthogonal test was adopted in this study.The extraction technology was optimized for the yield of volatile oil regarding the amount of water loaded, grain size of medicinal material, and decoction time as factors.The inclusion technology was optimized for the inclusion yield and volatile oil inclusion rate regarding the ratio of β-CD:oil, amount of water and grinding time as factors. Results The optimized extraction parameters were as follows:breaking medicinal material through 10 mesh screen, adding 6 fold volume of water and extracting for 5 h.The optimized inclusion progress was grinding at the β-CD :oil ratio of 8:1, loading equivalent amount of water and grinding for 30 minutes.The average yield of volatile oil is 1.72%, the average inclusion rate is 93.01% and the average volatile oil inclusion rate is 74.82%. Conclusion The extraction and inclusion technology is simple, reliable, which can effectively retain the volatile oil and provide evidence for the preparation of Wenweiyang capsules.
  • Determination of Six Kinds of Flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with DifferentStorage Time by LC-MS
    XU Yanglu, ZHAO Shengnan,LIU Suli, LI Shouzhuo
    2015, 34(7): 955-957. https://doi.org/10.3870/yydb.2015.07.030
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    Objective To quantify the contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim and oroxylinA in the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi with different storage time by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and determine the stability of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods The LC system consisted of an Agilent Zorbax XDB-C18 column (2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm) with acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid) in linear gradient condition.The flow rate was 0.2 mL·min－1 and the wavelength of detection was 276 nm.The mass spectrometer was operated under the positive ion mode with the ESI source.The precursor-to-product ion pair was 447/271 for baicalin,461/285 for wogonoside,271/123 for baicalein,285/270 for wogonin,255/153 for chrysim and 285/270 for oroxylin A,respectively. Results The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim and oroxylin A had a linear relationship with their peak areas within the ranges of 886－1 772, 23.3－465, 26－520, 5.2－104, 0.4－8 and 0.4－8 μg, respectively.The contents of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin, chrysim, and oroxylin A were overall decreased over the first 3 months of storage,but remained relatively stable between 0 and 18 months. Conclusion The results provides basis for the establishment of quality standard.
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