Regulative Effects of Berberine on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2
张志敏1,2, 秦传蓉1, 章必成1, 付红星1, 杨波1, 邱国超1, 饶智国1,
1.中国人民解放军武汉总医院肿瘤科,武汉 430070
2.陆军军医大学野战外科研究所战创伤国家重点实验室第四研究室,重庆 400042
ZHANG Zhimin1,2, QIN Chuanrong1, ZHANG Bicheng1, FU Hongxing1, YANG Bo1, QIU Guochao1, RAO Zhiguo1,
1.Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital PLA, Wuhan 430070, China
2. NO.4 Institute of State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
Objective To investigate the influence and possible mechanism of berberine on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods The inhibitory effect of berberine on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8 ) method , while the influence of berberine on cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry . The expression of protein and mRNA of B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) and Cyclin D1 were determined by Western blotting and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, respectively. Results The proliferation of HepG2 cells were significantly inhibited by berberine in a dose- and time-dependent manner(P<0.01). Berberine blocked the cell cycle in the G1 phase and promoted cell apoptosis, and the rate of apoptosis was proportional to the duration of berberine action(P<0.05). With the extension of time, the expression of BTG2 mRNA and protein were gradually increased(P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cyclin D1 were significantly decreased(P<0.01). Conclusion Berberine can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which may be related to up-regulation of BTG2 expression and down-regulation of Cyclin D1 expression.
Fig.3
Changes of cell apoptosis in HepG2 cells measured by flow cytometry analysis at different time points after berberine treatment The number of cells in the middle and late stages of apoptosis were labeled by the cross line (%)
Fig.4
The mRNA expression of BTG2 and Cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells detected by RT-PCR at different time points after berberine treatment(x¯±s,n=6) Compared with control group,*1P<0.05,*2P<0.01
Fig.5
Protein expression of BTG2 and Cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells after berberine treatment(x¯±s,n=6) A.protein expression of BTG2 and Cyclin D1 detected by western blotting. B. semiquantitative analysis on protein expression of BTG2 and Cyclin D1(compared with control group, *1P<0.01)
WANGL,CAOH,LUN,et al.Berberine inhibits prolifera-tion and down-regulates epidermal growth factor receptor through activation of Cbl in colon tumor cells[J].PLoS One,2013,8(2):e56666.
Abstract Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an active component of Ranunculaceae and Papaveraceae plant families. Berberine has been found to suppress growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro through the cell-type-dependent mechanism. Expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is increased in colonic precancerous lesions and tumours, thus EGFR is considered a tumour promoter. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of berberine on regulation of EGFR activity and proliferation in colonic tumor cell lines and in vivo. We reported that berberine significantly inhibited basal level and EGF-stimulated EGFR activation and proliferation in the immorto Min mouse colonic epithelial (IMCE) cells carrying the APC(min) mutation and human colonic carcinoma cell line, HT-29 cells. Berberine acted to inhibit proliferation through inducing G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest, which correlated with regulation of the checkpoint protein expression. In this study, we also showed that berberine stimulated ubiquitin ligase Cbl activation and Cbl's interaction with EGFR, and EGFR ubiquitinylation and down-regulation in these two cell lines in the presence or absence of EGF treatment. Knock-down Cbl expression blocked the effects of berberine on down-regulation of EGFR and inhibition of proliferation. Furthermore, berberine suppressed tumor growth in the HT-29 cell xenograft model. Cell proliferation and EGFR expression level was decreased by berberine treatment in this xenograft model and in colon epithelial cells of APC(min/+) mice. Taken together, these data indicate that berberine enhances Cbl activity, resulting in down-regulation of EGFR expression and inhibition of proliferation in colon tumor cells.
YANGX,YANGB,CAIJ,et al.Berberine enhances radio-sensitivity of esophageal squamous cancer by targeting HIF-1α in vitro and in vivo[J].Cancer Biol Ther,2013,14(11):1068-1073.
Radiation therapy is an important treatment approach for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, how to promote radiation sensitivity in ESCC remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of berberine, a common used Chinese medicine, on the radiosensitivity of ESCC. ECSS cell line ECA109 and TE13 were subjected to hypoxia and/or ionizing radiation (IR), in the presence or absence of berberine treatment. Cell growth and survival, and apoptosis were evaluated. In addition, ECA109 cells were xenografted into nude mice and subjected to IR and/or berberine treatment. The expression of HIF-1 and VEGF was detected by western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Our results showed that berberine increased radiosensitivity of ESCC cells and xenografts, and this was associated with the inhibition of HIF-1 and VEGF expression. These data suggest that berberine may be a potential radiotherapy sensitization drugs due to its significant anti-hypoxia activity.
TIANY,ZHAOL,WANGY,et al.Berberine inhibits and-rogen synthesis by interaction with aldo-keto reductase 1C3(AKR1C3) in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells[J].Asian J Androl,2016,18(4):607-612.
CHENQ,QINR,FANGY,et al.Berberine sensitizes hum-an ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin through miR-93/PTEN/Akt signaling pathway[J].Cell Physiol Biochem,2015,36(3):956-965.
Background: Berberine, a well-known component of the Chinese herbal medicine Huanglian, has wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects, including antineoplastic effect, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential chemo-sensitization effect of berberine in ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Methods: The expression of miR-93 was measure by RT-PCR. The target of miR-93 was confirmed by luciferase activity assay. Hoechst 33258 staining, Annexin V and PI double staining were used for apoptosis analysis. Results: In this study, we found A2780/DDP cells that were incubated with berberine combined with cisplatin had a significantly lower survival than the control group. Berberine enhanced cisplatin induced apoptosis and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A2780 cells. Next, we observed that the miR-93 levels in cisplatin resistant cell lines were higher than that in cisplatin sensitive cell lines. Furthermore, our study found berberine could inhibit miR-93 expression and function in ovarian cancer, as shown by an increase of its target PTEN, an important tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer. A2780 cells that were treated with PTEN siRNA had increased survival compared to NC group and this could be partly alleviated by the AKT inhibitor Triciribine. More importantly, A2780 cells that were treated with PTEN siRNA had a survival pattern that is similar to cells with miR-93 overexpression. Conclusion: The results suggested that berberine modulated the sensitivity of cisplatin through miR-93/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway in the ovarian cancer cells. u00a9 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
ZHUT,LI LL,XIAO GF,et al.Berberine increases doxo-rubicin sensitivity by suppressing STAT3 in lung cancer[J].Am J Chin Med,2015,43(7):1487-1502.
Berberine (BBR), an alkaloid component isolated from Chinese medicinal herb Huang Lian, has aroused broad interests for its antitumor effect in recent years. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), plays critical roles in malignant transformation and progression and was found to be constitutively activated in a variety of human cancers. In this study, we show that BBR inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed tumor spheroid formation of lung cancer cell lines. These effects were correlated with BBR-mediated suppression of both phosphorylated and total levels of STAT3 protein. Furthermore, BBR promoted STAT3 degradation by enhancing ubiquitination. Importantly, we demonstrated that BBR was able to inhibit doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated STAT3 activation and sensitize lung cancer cells to the cytotoxic effect of DOX treatment. Given that BBR is widely used in clinic with low toxicity, our results are potentially important for the development of a novel combinatorial therapy with BBR and DOX in the treatment of lung cancer.
LI DX,ZHANGJ,ZHANGY.Inhibitory effect of berberine on human skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells[J].Genet Mol Res,2015,14(3):10553-10568.
Berberine (BBR) is a natural alkaloid with significant anti-tumor activity against many types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms employed by BBR to repress the proliferation and growth of skin squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells. Berberine was reported to inhibit the proliferation of A431 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and was observed to induce a series of biochemical events, including the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome-c to cytosol, induction of proteins of the Bcl-2 family and caspases, and the cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase. This suggested its ability to induce apoptosis. The results of a wound healing test revealed that berberine inhibited the migration of A431 cells. Ezrin was transfected into A431 cells by RNA interference. The level of expression of Ezrin in the transfected A431 cells was observed to decrease with berberine treatment, which suggested that berberine might inhibit the invasion of A431 cells through Ezrin. The results of this study demonstrated that berberine could potentially inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, and inhibit the invasion of A431 cells.
TSANG CM,CHEUNG KC,CHEUNG YC,et al.Berbe-rine suppresses Id-1 expression and inhibits the growth and development of lung metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1852(3):541-551.
61HCC growth and metastasis are suppressed by berberine in orthotopic mice model.61Berberine reduces local invasion and lung metastasis from the liver tumors.61Berberine downregulates Id-1 expression by inhibiting the Id-1 promoter.61Id-1 knockdown inhibits cellular proliferation and invasion of HCC cells.61The anti-growth and anti-metastatic effects of berberine are mediated by Id-1.
WANGN,ZHUM,WANGX,et al.Berberine-induced tu-mor suppressor p53 up-regulation gets involved in the regulatory network of MIR-23a in hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2014,1839(9):849-857.
Abstract AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the involvement of p53 in the regulatory network of microRNA-23a (miR-23a) in berberine-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: The biogenesis of miR-23a upon berberine treatment was monitored by detecting the transcript expression of primary precursor, precursor and mature forms of miR-23a. Protein expression was detected with immunoblotting. The binding capacity between p53 and chromatin DNA was determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. The role of miR-23a in mediating suppression of HCC by berberine was determined both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: miR-23a was up-regulated upon berberine treatment in human HCC cells, and berberine could increase the expression of primary precursor, precursor and mature forms of miR-23a. The up-regulation of miR-23a by berberine is p53-dependent. Inhibition of p53 expression and activity could block the up-regulation of miR-23a induced by berberine. Furthermore, berberine-induced miR-23a expression may mediate the transcription activation of p53-related tumor suppressive genes p21 and GADD45. Inhibition of miR-23a abolishes the binding of p53 onto chromatin and attenuates transcription activation of p21 and GADD45. Target prediction and experimental validation demonstrate that berberine-induced miR-23a may target to Nek6 to suppress its expression. Berberine-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in HCC was attenuated when miR-23a was inhibited. Berberine-induced cell death and in vivo tumor growth inhibition are attenuated upon inhibition of miR-23a. CONCLUSION: Our study reveals that miR-23a may be involved in regulating the anti-HCC effect of berberine by mediating the regulation of p53. Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
LO TF,TSAI WC,CHEN ST.MicroRNA-21-3p,a berbe-rine-induced miRNA,directly down-regulates human methionine adenosyltransferases 2A and 2B and inhibits hepatoma cell growth[J].PLoS One,2013,8(9):e75628.
Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is the cellular enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal biological methyl donor and a key regulator of hepatocyte proliferation, death and differentiation. Two genes, MAT1A and MAT2A, encode 2 distinct catalytic MAT isoforms. A third gene, MAT2B, encodes a MAT2A regulatory subunit. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MAT1A downregulation and MAT2A upregulation occur, known as the MAT1A:MAT2A switch. The switch is accompanied with an increasing expression of MAT2B, which results in decreased SAM levels and facilitates cancer cell growth. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from many medicinal herbs such as Coptis chinensis, has a wide range of pharmacological effects including anti-cancer effects. Because drug-induced microRNAs have recently emerged as key regulators in guiding their pharmacological effects, we examined whether microRNA expression is differentially altered by berberine treatment in HCC. In this study, we used microRNA microarrays to find that the expression level of miR-21-3p (previously named miR-21*) increased after berberine treatment in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line. To predict the putative targets of miR-21-3p, we integrated the gene expression profiles of HepG2 cells after berberine treatment by comparing with a gene list generated from sequence-based microRNA target prediction software. We then confirmed these predictions through transfection of microRNA mimics and a 3 UTR reporter assay. Our findings provide the first evidence that miR-21-3p directly reduces the expression of MAT2A and MAT2B by targeting their 3 UTRs. In addition, an overexpression of miR-21-3p increased intracellular SAM contents, which have been proven to be a growth disadvantage for hepatoma cells. The overexpression of miR-21-3p suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that miR-21-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting both MAT2A and MAT2B, indicating its therapeutic potential in HCC.
YIP NK,HO WS.Berberine induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in liver cancer cells[J].Oncol Rep,2013,30(3):1107-1112.
Current chemotherapeutic strategies for liver cancer have limitations. Thus, the demand for complementary medicine is warranted. We evaluated the antitumor potential of berberine, a naturally bioactive phytochemical from Coptis chinensis Franch against Huh7 cancer cells and WRL68 liver cells. The antitumor activity of berberine was evaluated by flow cytometry. The caspase-dependent pathway was assessed using western blot analysis. Results showed that berberine induced the apoptosis of liver cancer cells through procaspase-9, and its effector caspases, procaspase-3 and procaspase-7. Flow cytometry revealed that berberine caused cell cycle arrest at the M/G1 phase. The results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that berberine increased the expression of Bax, which resulted in the activation of the caspase cascade. The present findings demonstrated that berberine induces the apoptosis of Huh7 cells via the mitochondrial pathway.
LIM,ZHANGM,ZHANG ZL,et al.Induction of apoptosis by berberine in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via downregulation of NF-κB[J].Oncol Res,2017,25(2):233-239.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to traditional chemotherapeutic approaches, which causes difficulty in the development of effective drugs for the treatment of HCC. Berberine, a major ingredient of Rhizoma coptidis, is a natural alkaloid used in traditional Chinese medicine. Berberine exhibits potent antitumor activity against HCC due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. In the present study, we found that berberine sensitized HepG cells to NF-B-mediated apoptosis. Berberine exhibited a significant antiproliferation effect on the HepG2 cells and promoted apoptosis. Both qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining revealed that berberine reduced the NF-B p65 levels in HepG2 cells. Moreover, p65 overexpression rescued berberine-induced cell proliferation and prevented HepG2 cells from undergoing apoptosis. These results suggest that berberine inhibits the growth of HepG2 cells by promoting apoptosis through the NF-B p65 pathway.
WANGL,WEID,HANX,et al.The combinational effect of vincristine and berberine on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in hepatoma cells[J].J Cell Biochem,2014,115(4):721-730.
The use of vincristine, a known antitumor agent, in hepatoma therapy is limited particularly because of its toxic effect. Meanwhile, berberine has drawn increasing attention to its antineoplastic effect in recent years. In view of the advantages of combinational drug treatment reported in anti-cancer chemotherapy, we evaluated the effects of co-treatment of vincristine and berberine on hepatic carcinoma cell lines in this study. We find that combinational usage of these two drugs can significantly induce cell growth inhibition and apoptosis even under a concentration of vincristine barely showing cytotoxicity in the same cells when used alone. The underlying mechanism about this combinational effect was addressed in this study by monitoring the signals related to mitochondrial function, apoptotic pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest a new value of berberine as a potential adjuvant agent in cancer chemotherapy and provide a hopeful approach for developing hepatoma therapy by utilizing the combinational effect of vincristine and berberine.
ZHAOX,ZHANGJ,TONGN,et al.Protective effects of berberine on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in mice[J].Biol Pharm Bull,2012,35(5):796-800.
Abstract Doxorubicin, a very potent and often used anti-cancer drug, is largely limited due to the dose-related toxic effects. The present study investigated whether berberine, a natural product alkaloid, can reduce the liver injury induced by doxorubicin. Mice of either gender were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, doxorubicin group, berberine group, and berberine+doxorubicin group. In the tests, body weight, general condition and mortality of the mice were observed, and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase levels were determined to evaluate liver function. Furthermore, the liver was excised for determination of the weight changes, as well as histopathological analysis in the tissues. Mortality rate and significant decline in body weight, and increased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase activities were observed in doxorubicin-treated mice. These changes were significantly prevented by pretreatment with berberine. Histopathological studies showed that doxorubicin caused structural injuries, such as vascular congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis in the liver. These histopathological changes were largely attenuated by berberine pretreatment. These findings indicate that berberine has the hepatoprotective effect on doxorubicin-induced liver injury in mice.
MAOB,ZHANGZ,WANGG.BTG2: a rising star of tumor suppressors (Review)[J].Int J Oncol,2015,46(2):459-464.
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), the first gene identified in the BTG/TOB gene family, is involved in many biological activities in cancer cells acting as a tumor suppressor. The BTG2 expression is downregulated in many human cancers. It is an instantaneous early response gene and plays important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, BTG2 is regulated by many factors involving different signal pathways. However, the regulatory mechanism of BTG2 is largely unknown. Recently, the relationship between microRNAs and BTG2 has attracted much attention. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been found to regulate BTG2 gene during carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest findings in the investigations of biological functions of BTG2 and regulation of its expression, with an emphasis on miR-21 in regulation of BTG2 gene in various cancers. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), also known as PC3 or TIS21, belongs to the antiproliferative (APRO) gene family. Several studies have demonstrated that BTG2 is involved in a large number of physiological and pathological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other cellular functions, acting as a tumor suppressor. In this review, we summarize the latest findings in BTG2 studies, highlighting the mechanisms for the regulatory effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on BTG2 gene expression in the most common human cancers.
KARVE TM,ROSEN EM.B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) stimulates cellular antioxidant defenses through the antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 in human mammary epithelial cells[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(37):31503-31514.
The B-cell translocation gene 2, BTG2, a member of the BTG/TOB (B-cell translocation gene/transducers of ErbB2) gene family, has been implicated in cell cycle regulation, normal development, and possibly tumor suppression. Previously, it was shown that BTG2 expression is lost or down-regulated in human breast cancers. We now report that BTG2 protects human mammary epithelial cells from oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants. BTG2 protection against oxidative stress is BRCA1-independent but requires the antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 and is associated with up-regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutases 1 and 2. BTG2 stimulation of antioxidant gene expression is also NFE2L2-dependent. We further demonstrate that BTG2 is a binding partner for NFE2L2 and increases its transcriptional activity. In addition, BTG2 is detectable at the antioxidant response element (ARE) of several NFE2L2-responsive genes. Finally, we show that the ability of BTG2 to associate with NFE2L2, to protect cells against oxidative stress, and to stimulate antioxidant gene expression requires box B, a short highly conserved amino acid motif characteristic of BTG2/TOB family proteins, but does not require boxes A or C. These findings suggest a novel role for BTG2 as a co-activator for NFE2L2 in up-regulating cellular antioxidant defenses.
TAKAHASHIM,HAYASHIDAT,OKAZAKH,et al.Loss of B-cell translocation gene 2 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer predicts tamoxifen resistance[J].Cancer Sci,2014,105(6):675-682.
Abstract B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), a gene suppressed in a subset of aggressive breast cancer, is repressed by estrogen. BTG2 inhibits the expression of HER ligands and promotes AKT activation, which plays an essential role in the tamoxifen resistance of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. To determine if BTG2 expression modifies tamoxifen efficacy, a cohort of 60 patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen monotherapy was analyzed. We found that increased BTG2 expression showed better clinical survival and was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.691; 95% confidence interval, 0.495-0.963; P = 0.029). Tamoxifen suppressed the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-Akt signaling in BTG2 expressing ER-positive breast cancer cells with a correlated increase in sensitivity, whereas BTG2 knockdown abrogated this sensitivity. Consistent with this observation, tamoxifen significantly suppressed the growth ratio, tumor weight and Ki-67 expression in BTG2 expressing breast cancer xenografts in mice. These studies demonstrate that BTG2 is a significant factor in tamoxifen response, acting through modification of AKT activation in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. 2014 The Authors. Cancer Science published by Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.
TSUI KH,CHUNG LC,FENG TH,et al.Upregulation of prostate-derived Ets factor by luteolin causes inhibition of cell proliferation and cell invasion in prostate carcinoma cells[J].Int J Cancer,2012,130(12):2812-2823.
Abstract Top of page Abstract Material and Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements References Supporting Information Luteolin is a polyphenolic flavone and has antitumor activity for many cancers. The prostate-derived Ets factor (PDEF), a novel epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor, acts as an androgen-independent transcriptional activator of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter. We determined the antitumor function of luteolin via upregulation of PDEF gene expression in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Results from flow cytometry and 3 H-thymidine incorporation assays revealed that luteolin treatments attenuated cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. High concentration of luteolin (30 M) induced cell apoptosis. Immunoblot assays and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay revealed that luteolin treatment upregulated PDEF but downregulated androgen receptor (AR) gene expression, which decreased PSA gene expression in LNCaP cells. Results of immunoblot and transient gene expression assays revealed that luteolin treatments at proapoptosis dosage, enhanced gene expression of PDEF, B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and Maspin. Transient gene expression assays indicated that cotransfection of the PDEF expression vector enhanced the promoter activities of the BTG2, NDRG1 and Maspin genes. Stable overexpression of PDEF significantly induced BTG2, NDRG1 and Maspin gene expression, which markedly attenuated in vitro cell proliferation and invasion of LNCaP cells. The modulatory effect of luteolin on BTG2, NDRG1 and Maspin gene expression were attenuated when PDEF was knocked-down. These results suggest that luteolin blocks PSA gene expression by downregulation of AR expression. The enhancement of PDEF expression, which induced BTG2, NDRG1 and Maspin gene expression, could account for the function of luteolin for antiproliferation and anti-invasion in LNCaP cells.
LI WQ,YU HY,ZHONG N Z.miR27a suppresses the clonogenic growth and migration of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by targeting BTG2[J].Int J Oncol,2015,46(4):1601-1608.
miR-27a and are implicated in gliomagenesis and progression. However, hitherto, a link between miR-27a and in has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of miR-27a on the proliferation and invasiveness of in vitro and in a xenograft model and further studied the relation between miR27a expression and its target gene , which was identified by computation prediction algorithms. Our MTT and clonogenic assays showed that miR-27a overexpression significantly increased the clonogenic of U87MG and U251MG . The Transwell assays further revealed that miR-27a overexpression markedly increased the number of migrated U87MG and U251MG . TargetScan and other prediction algorithms identified as a target gene of miR-27a, which was confirmed by EGFP reporter and immunoblotting assays showing an inverse relation between miR-27a expression and endogenous expression. overexpression also increased the proliferation and invasiveness of and functioned downstream of miR-27a in modulating the proliferation and migration of . In conclusion, miR-27a modulates and invasion by targeting .
ZHANGZ,CHENC,WANGG,et al.Aberrant expression of the p53-inducible antiproliferative gene BTG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with overexpression of the cell cycle-related proteins[J].Cell Biochem Biophys,2011,61(1):83-91.
We previously reported that the abnormal BTG2 expression was related to genesis/development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the BTG2 expression in HCC compared with p53, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. For this purpose, modified diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced primary HCC rat model was established. Target proteins and mRNAs were measured by western blot and RT-PCR/northern blot, respectively. In rat liver, expression of BTG2 and other proteins was determined by western blot, and BTG2 mRNA in HCC/normal tissues was detected by high-flux tissue microarray (TMA) and in situ hybridization (ISH). BTG2 mRNA/protein expression was increased in fetal liver, 7701, and LO2 cell lines but decreased in HepG2 cells. BTG2/p53 were expressed early after DEN treatment, peaked at 5/weeks and decreased gradually thereafter. Cyclin-D1/Cyclin-E expression increased significantly with the tumor progression. BTG2 mRNA was expressed in 71.19% HCC by ISH and correlated with differentiation. Expression of p53/cyclin D1/cyclin E was positive in 82.35/94.12/76.47% BTG2 mRNA-negative tissues, respectively. BTG2 protein expression was lost in 32.2% (19/59) HCC tissues, and the mRNA/protein expression correlated significantly with the increasing tumor grade ( P <0.05). In conclusion, BTG2 expression is commonly impaired in HCC which may be a factor involved in deregulation of cyclin-D1/cyclin-E expression during hepatocarcinogenesis.
CHENY,CHENC,ZHANGZ,et al.Expression of B-cell translocation gene 2 is associated with favorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and sensitizes irradiation-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis in vitro and in nude mice[J].Oncol Lett,2017,13(4):2366-2372.
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) proteins have been reported to be putative tumor suppressors in various cancer types. The present study first assessed BTG2 expression in 4402human liver cancer tissue specimens, then investigated BTG2 expression in the regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell apoptosis with or without radiotherapy in02vitro and in02vivo. The results revealed that BTG2 protein expression was significantly reduced in HCC tissues, and associated with better survival for HCC patients (P=0.05). BTG2 overexpression also sensitized Huh7 cells to radiation62induced apoptosis in02vitro and in a nude mouse model, although restoration of BTG2 expression per se did not affect the viability and apoptosis of HCC cells. Future studies would confirm the role of BTG2 in hepatoma, and further develop BTG2 as a therapeutic strategy for controlling HCC.
LIUT,LI WM,WANG WP,et al.Inhibiting CREPT reduces the proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells by down-regulating cell cycle related protein[J].Am J Transl Res,2016,8(5):2097-2113.
Abstract It has been reported that CREPT acts as a highly expressed oncogene in a variety of tumors, affecting cyclin D1 signal pathways. However, the distribution and clinical significance of CREPT in NSCLC remains poorly understood. Our study focused on the role of CREPT on the regulation ofnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that CREPT mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased in NSCLC compared with adjacent lung tissues and was increased in various NSCLC cell lines compared with the normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line. siRNA-induced knockingdown of CREPT significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cell lines by arresting cell cycle in S phase. Moreover, CREPT knocking down affected the expression of cell cycle proteins including c-mycand CDC25A. Finally, we found there were obvious correlations between CREPT with c-myc expression in histological type, differentiation, and pTNM stages of NSCLC (P0.3). Immunohistofluorescence studies demonstrated a co-localization phenomenon when CREPT and c-myc were expressed. Thus, we propose that CREPT may promote NSCLC cell growth and migration through the c-myc and CDC25A signaling molecules.
ZHOUJ,LUL,LIF,et al.Quercetin reduces cyclin D1 activity and induces G1 phase arrest in HepG2 cells[J].Oncol Lett,2016,12(1):516-522.
Quercetin is able to inhibit proliferation of malignant tumor cells; however, the exact mechanism involved in this biological process remains unclear. The current study utilized a quantitative proteomic analysis to explore the antitumor mechanisms of quercetin. The leucine of HepG2 cells treated with quercetin was labeled as d3 by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). The isotope peaks of control HepG2 cells were compared with the d3-labeled HepG2 cells by mass spectrometry (MS) to identify significantly altered proteins. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analyses were subsequently employed to verify the results of the MS analysis. A flow cytometry assay was designed to observe the influence of various quercetin treatment concentrations on the cell cycle distribution of HepG2 cells. The results indicated that quercetin is able to substantially inhibit proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce an obvious morphological alteration of cells. According to the MS results, the 70 credibly-changed proteins that were identified may play important roles in multiple cellular processes, including protein synthesis, signaling, cytoskeletal processes and metabolism. Among these functional proteins, the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) was found to be significantly decreased. RT-PCR and western blot analyses verified the SILAC-MS results of decreased CCND1 expression. In summary, flow cytometry revealed that quercetin is able to induce G1 phase arrest in HepG2 cells. Based on the aforementioned observations, it is suggested that quercetin exerts antitumor activity in HepG2 cells through multiple pathways, including interfering with CCND1 gene expression to disrupt the cell cycle and proliferation of HepG2 cells. In the future, we aim to explore this effectin vivo.
WANGN,WANG XB,TAN HY,et al.Berberine suppre-sses cyclin D1 expression through proteasomal degradation in human hepatoma cells[J].Int J Mol Sci,2016,17(11):1899.
Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the underlying mechanism on berberine-induced Cyclin D1 degradation in human hepatic carcinoma. We observed that berberine could suppress both in vitro and in vivo expression of Cyclin D1 in hepatoma cells. Berberine exhibits dose- and time-dependent inhibition on Cyclin D1 expression in human hepatoma cell HepG2. Berberine increases the phosphorylation of Cyclin D1 at Thr286 site and potentiates Cyclin D1 nuclear export to cytoplasm for proteasomal degradation. In addition, berberine recruits the Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex--Transducin Repeat Containing Protein (SCF -TrCP ) complex to facilitate Cyclin D1 ubiquitin-proteasome dependent proteolysis. Knockdown of -TrCP blocks Cyclin D1 turnover induced by berberine; blocking the protein degradation induced by berberine in HepG2 cells increases tumor cell resistance to berberine. Our results shed light on berberine's potential as an anti-tumor agent for clinical cancer therapy.
TIRONEF.The gene PC3(TIS21/BTG2),prototype mem-ber of the PC3/BTG/TOB family:regulator incontrol of cell growth,differentiation,and DNA repair[J].J Cell Physiol,2001,187(2):155-165.
Abstract PC3 TIS21/BTG2 is the founding member of a family of genes endowed with antiproliferative properties, namely BTG1, ANA/BTG3, PC3B, TOB, and TOB2. PC3 was originally isolated as a gene induced by nerve growth factor during neuronal differentiation of rat PC12 cells, or by TPA in NIH3T3 cells (named TIS21), and is a marker for neuronal birth in vivo. This and other findings suggested its implication in the process of neurogenesis as mediator of the growth arrest before differentiation. Remarkably, its human homolog, named BTG2, was shown to be p53-inducible, in conditions of genotoxic damage. PC3 TIS21/BTG2 impairs G 1 progression, either by a Rb-dependent pathway through inhibition of cyclin D1 transcription, or in a Rb-independent fashion by cyclin E downregulation. PC3 TIS21/BTG2 might also control the G 2 checkpoint. Furthermore, PC3 TIS21/BTG2 interacts with carbon catabolite repressor protein-associated factor 1 (CAF-1), a molecule that associates to the yeast transcriptional complex CCR4 and might influence cell cycle, with the transcription factor Hoxb9, and with the protein-arginine methyltransferase 1, that might control transcription through histone methylation. Current evidence suggests a physiological role of PC3 TIS21/BTG2 in the control of cell cycle arrest following DNA damage and other types of cellular stress, or before differentiation of the neuron and other cell types. The molecular function of PC3 TIS21/BTG2 is still unknown, but its ability to modulate cyclin D1 transcription, or to synergize with the transcription factor Hoxb9, suggests that it behaves as a transcriptional co-regulator. 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ZHANG YJ,WEIL,LIUM,et al.BTG2 inhibits the proliferation,invasion,and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231triple-negative breast cancercells[J].Tumour Biol,2013,34(3):1605-1613.
Abstract The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of B cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer and to provide an experimental basis for the future treatment of human triple-negative breast cancer. A pcDNA3.1-BTG2 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transfected into the MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cell line using lipofection. Then, relevant changes in the biological characteristics of the BTG2-expressing cell line were analyzed using MTT (tetrazolium blue), flow cytometry, and Transwell invasion chamber assays. Additionally, the effects of BTG2 expression on cyclin D1, caspase 3, and matrix metalloproteinases 1/2 (MMP-1/-2) expression were analyzed. Cell proliferation was significantly lower in the pcDNA3.1-BTG2-transfected group compared to the empty vector and blank control groups (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the empty vector and blank control groups. FCM results demonstrated that there were significantly more cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and fewer S phase cells in the pcDNA3.1-BTG2 group than in the empty vector and blank control groups (p<0.05). Additionally, the proportion of cells that migrated across the membrane was significantly lower in the pcDNA3.1-BTG2 group than in the empty vector and blank control groups (p<0.05). Cyclin D1 and MMP-1/-2 expression were significantly lower in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1-BTG2 as compared to the empty vector and blank control groups (p<0.05). Caspase 3 expression was significantly higher in MDA-MB-231 cells from the pcDNA3.1-BTG2 group compared to the empty vector and blank control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, BTG2 may inhibit MDA-MB-231 proliferation and promote apoptosis. Additionally, BTG2 may also inhibit the invasion of MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells.
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) stimulates cellular antioxidant defenses through the antioxidant transcription factor NFE2L2 in human mammary epithelial cells
Aberrant expression of the p53-inducible antiproliferative gene BTG2 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with overexpression of the cell cycle-related proteins
Expression of B-cell translocation gene 2 is associated with favorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients and sensitizes irradiation-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis and in nude mice
