Herald of Medicine

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特约稿

Cognitive Function and Neural Plasticity——the Basic Mechanism of Improving Cognitive Function of Ginsenoside Rg1 Due to Its Regulation for Neural Plasticity

WANG Yu-zhu;ZHANG Jun-tian

2007, 26(7): 702-708.

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Cognitive function and neural plasticity were viewed here at first. Then the pharmacological activities and its mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 were reviewed because of Rg1’s beneficial effects on 10 models of memory impairment. Nootropic mechanism study showed that nootropic effects of Rg1 were characterized by increasing neural plasticity in both efficacy and structure. Firstly, up regulation of acetylcholine (Ach) content and M-cholinergic receptors density in the central nervous system. Secondly, increase of basic synaptic transmission and synapses density. Thirdly, enhancement of neurotrophinBDNF protein expression. Fourthly, up regulation of c-fos gene expression in both young and old rats. Finally, increase of hippocampal neurogenesis whether in vitro or vivo, under normal rodent or cerebral ischemiareperfusion model in rodent. These new findings suggest that Rg1 are promising agents for treatment of AD and various memory impairments. Further studies should be made about the elucidation of nootropic signal transduction pathway, clinical study and industrial production of various ginsenosides.

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药物研究

Construction and Stability of Fission Yeast Expression Vector of the M Gene of SARS-CoV by TOPO Cloning

ZHAO Lin;CAI Jin-yan;ZHENG Wen-ling;MA Wen-li

2007, 26(7): 709-713.

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Objective To construct Fission Yeast expression vector of the M gene of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and to testify its stability. Methods M gene was amplified by RT-PCR from the total RNA of SARS-CoV, and then was inserted into pMD18-T vector by AT cloning. Primers including Kozak sequence were designed to amplify M gene from pMD18-T-M, and then the purified M gene was inserted into the fission yeast’ expression vector pNMT1-TOPO by TOPOcloning to construct recombinant expression vector pNMT1-M. The vector pNMT1-M was transformed into fission yeast TCP1 by electroshock to construct genetic strains. The positive clones screened by EMM+T plates were induced in EMM by removal of thiamine. SDSPAGE was used to analyze expression of M protein in fission yeast. Recombinant fission yeast cells were cultured on YPD culture and EMM culture after many passages to testify the stability of pNMT1-M. Results It was found that the 666 bp gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR and the 797 bp fragment was also amplified from the recombinant vector pNMT1-M with the upstream primer of the M gene and the downstream sequencing primer of the pNMT1-TOPO vector. The sequence of the M gene in pNMT1-M was correct. A specific band of 28.2KD was gained after induction. After over 100 passages, recombinant strains still kept stable plasmid inheritance and consistence. ConclusionThe recombinant expression vector of M gene of SARS-CoV was successively constructed and it could be kept stably in fission yeast, which would be the basis of further study.

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药物研究

Experimental Research on Safety and Intraocular Drug Concentration after Periocular Injection of Large Dose Triamcinolone Acetonide

CHEN Qiao;YANG Hong;CHEN Jian-bin

2007, 26(7): 713-716.

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Objective To observe the safety ,the aqueous and vitreous drug concentration, and its metabolic process after periocular injection of 80 mg tiamcinolone acetonide(TA) . Methods The right eyes received a single periocular injection of 1 mL TA （80 mg·mL^-1） suspension as the experimental group, likewise the left eyes received 1 mL PBS as the control group. Twenty NewZealand rabbits were used and divided into five subgroups according to the time afterdrug injection(1,2,3,5 and 7 week). In five subgroups intraocular pressure (IOP) and the dark adapted electroretinograms(ERGs) were recorded before and after drug injection, then retinal tissues were obtained immediately for light and electron microscopy and aqueous humor and vitreous body were taken for drug concentration determination with spectrophotometer. Results

IOP and ERGs showed no significant difference between experimental and control group at all time points. Tissue structure in experimental group had no abnormality by microscopy. Aqueous drug concentration was maximal at the 2nd week and gradually descended and disappeared at about the 8th week. Vitreous drug concentration gradually decreased with time showing significant linear correlation and lasted near 11 weeks.

Conclusion Periocular injection of 80 mg TA is safe for IOP and retinal structure and effective intraocular drug concentration can be obtained.

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药物研究

Study on Cocaine-induced Hepatic and Renal Injury in Newborn Rabbits

FANG Cheng-zhi;CAI Bao-zhen;XU Jing;JIANG Yi;SHU Ying-chun;CHEN Xiao-pei

2007, 26(7): 717-719.

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Objective To study the effects of chronic prenatal exposure to cocaine on liver and kidney in the newborn rabbits at birth. Methods The pregnant Japan longeared white rabbits were divided randomly into experimental group (n=12)and normal control group (n=12). Pregnant rabbits were treated with cocaine hydrochloride 5 mg·kg^-1 or normal saline 1 mL·kg^-1 intravenously ,once a day from days 15 of pregnancy until days 30 or 31.Serum aspartate transaminase(AST),alanine transaminase (ALT),gamma glutamyltransferase(γ-GT),total protein(TP),total bilirubin(T-BiL),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bile acid(TBA) ,direct bilirubin(D-BiL),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),uric acid (UA),glucose(Glu) and cytochrome P450 were examined . Results The mean levels of serum AST, ALT, γ-GT, TP, ALP, BUN, T-BiL Glu were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group（P<0.01）. The mean levels of serum ALB,D-BiL, TBA, Cr, UA were significantly lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (P<0.01).Cytochrome P₄₅₀ contents were higher in experimental group than those in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Cocaine application in pregnancy period causes severe injury on liver and kidney with hyperbilirubinemia in newborn rabbits.

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药物研究

Study on Preparation and Properties of Doxorubicinloaded Chitosan Microspheres

WANG Zeng-shou;HU Wei;ZHANG Hua;ZHU Guang-hui;CHEN Yi

2007, 26(7): 720-723.

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Objective To study the preparation technique and release characteristic of doxorubicin loaded chitosan microspheres for the intracerebral local administration. Methods Using the liquid paraffin as the oil phase , L-ascorbyl palmitate as the cross linking agent, and span-80 as the emulsifier. Doxorubicin loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by emulsion chemical cross link technique. Dynamic dialysis method was used to determine the releasing characteristic of microspheres in vitro. Results Microspheres (doxorubicin /chitosan =1：9) with a good shape and even particle size distribution were prepared. The average particle diameter was (9.41±2.43) μm with a quantity of drug loading (8.49±0.37)%. The proportion of entrapment was (70.56±4.23)%. The drug release in vitro had a satisfied effect of delayed release. Conclusion The optimized preparation technique is stable and has a high entrapment efficiency, suitable for the preparation of doxorubicin loaded chitosan microspheres for cerebral administration.

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药物研究

Effects of Carvedilol and Heptanol On Myocardial Cells Apoptosis and Necrosis in Ischemic Reperfusion

ZENG Yu-jie;FENG Yi-bai;YU Shi-long;KE Yuan-nan;WANG Yong;LI Xian-lun;ZHU Dan-dan;LI Zhi-yuan

2007, 26(7): 723-725.

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Objective To investigate the effects of carvedilol(CVD) and heptanol(HT) on myocytes necrosis and apoptosis in ischemic reperfusion at different time periods. Methods The necrosis and apoptosis of myocytes inducedby reperfusion after different time periods of ischemia were observed by trypan blue staining and flow cytometry . The effects of CVD and HT on myocytes necrosis and apoptosis were studied. Results The indexes of apoptosis showed no significant difference between normal cells and ischemic cells for 30 min（P>0.05）,the apoptotic indexes were 27.4% in the cell reperfusion after 1h of ischemia (P<0.01) as compared with the normal control , and cellular necrosis increased very significantly in cell reperfusion after 2 h of ischemia. In CVD group and HT group, the apoptotic indexes reduced by 55.11% and 21.53% , respectively as compared with the control group( no drug administration). Conclusion HT,CVD reduce the indexes of the cardiac myocyte apoptosis and necrosis.

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药物研究

In Vitro Dissolution Character of Colon Specific Pellets of Aceclofenac

HAN Jun;HUANG Jian-geng;JIN Xiao-ping

2007, 26(7): 726-728.

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Objective To study the in vitro dissolution character of colon specific pellets of aceclofenac. Methods An HPLC method was established for determination with C18 column, the mobile phase of methanol-0.02 mol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄ (55：45, adjusted to pH 3.80 with phosphoric acid) and the detection wavelength was set at 275 nm. Results The method had a good linear relationship in the rang of 5-160 μg·mL^-1, the precision was withinday RSD≤3.00% and daytoday RSD≤3.69%, the average recovery was 99.69%. The colon specific pellets of aceclofenac demonstrated little release in 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl media and the in vitro dissolution behavior (drug release rate) in PBS media was pHdependent(increased with pH value). Conclusion The method is accurate and reproducible. The results show the potential of the pHdependent pellets for colon specific delivery system of aceclofenac.

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中药及天然药物专栏

RAPD Analysis of Germplasm Resources of Liriope and Its Relative Medicinal Plants

CHEN Jia-chun;ZUO Yi;ZHOU Qun;WANG Xiao-gang;HUANG Lu-qi

2007, 26(7): 738-741.

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Objective To analyze the phylogenetic relationships between Liriope and its relative plants. Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was applied to germplasm accessions in 22 cultivated and wild medicinal botanic samples of Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. var. prolifera Y. T. Ma , Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. and Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) KerGawl. Results Ten random primers of high stable quality were screened from 100 primers. Ten arbitrary primers produced 75 distinctive bands in total and 58 of them were found to be polymorphic, accounting for 77.3%Conclusion Cluster analysis shows that plant tissue culture and cultivated methods can’t obviously affect the genetic relationships and the phylogenetic relationships of them are basically accordant with the results of classical taxology. But there are certain genetic differences among Ophiopogon japonicus in the different areas of Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei provinces.

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中药及天然药物专栏

Protective Effect on Chronic Renal Injury Induced by Cadimium Toxicity with the Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiaweishenqitang

HUANG Zhen;JIANG Li-hua

2007, 26(7): 741-743.

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Objective To observe the protective effect on chronic renal injury induced by cadimium toxicity with a complex prescription of traditional Chinese medicine jiaweishenqitang and study the mechnism. MethodsSD rats’ chronic renal injury were prepared by cadimium chloride solution 200 mg·L^-1. In drug experimental group, rats were given 1 g·mL^-1jiaweishenqitang2.7 mL·(100 g)^-1,and in positive control group,0.05 mg·kg^-1 Na₂SeO₃ was given, qd, for 14 weeks. The bodyweight, kidney weight coefficient, biochemistry index , and the content of cadimium in kidney cortex were detected．Results Both Na₂SeO₃ and jiaweishenqitang could alleviate the cadimiuminduced chronic renal toxicity,the effect in drug experimental group was superior to that in positive control group showing very significant difference(P<0.01) in aspects of body weight, kidney weight coefficient,the content of urine NAG ,and the content of cadimium in kidney cortex.Conclusion The prescription of jiaweishenqitang can alleviate the cadimiuminduced chronic renal toxicity and relief the damage of kidney with a probable mechanism of eliminating cadimium and antioxidation.

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中药及天然药物专栏

The Effects of Sanguis Draxonis Nanoparticles on Five Tumor Cell Lines in Vitro

ZHU Hui-fen;YANG Dao-feng;WANG Min;LIU Jing;WEN Xue;ZHANG Yue;FENG Wei;GONG Fei-li;SHEN Guan-xin

2007, 26(7): 744-747.

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Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effects of Sanguis draxonis nanoparticles on cervix cancer cell line Hela,pulmonary carcinoma cell line A549, hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC7721, ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and granulocytic leukemia cell line HL-60. Methods A consecutive concentrations and a various diameters of Sanguis draxonis nanoparticles were added into above tumor cell culture plates. Cell death rate, apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. Sanguis draxonis common particle was employed as a control. Results The kill rates of Sanguis draxonis nanoparticles on HL-60 cells in 3.9－31.2 mg·L^-1 were higher than those of common Sanguis draxonis when their diameters were 171 nm, 167 nm and 23.8 nm. The cell apoptosis was not a principal mechanism of their anti-tumor effects. Cell cycle assay demonstrated that most HL-60 cells were stopped in G0/G1 phase. Conclusion Sanguis draxonis nanoparticles in 171 nm, 167 nm and 23.8 nm diameters can kill HL-60 cells effectively with higher effective rate than that of the common Sangius draxonis.

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中药及天然药物专栏

Comparative Study of the Character and Radioimmunity Indexes of Two Kinds of Grade Size Placenta Hominis Powder

CHEN Jun-xia;PAN Lin-mei;FU Ting-ming;LIU Yong

2007, 26(7): 747-748.

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Objective To compare the character and radioimmunity indexes of two kinds of grade size placenta hominis powder. Methods Two kinds of different powder were produced by the ways of routine crash and hypothermy super minute crash, and scanning electron microscope was used to observe the character. The contents of human chorionic gonadotrophin （HCG）, estradiol（E₂）,progesterone（P） and testosterone （T）were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results The results of the scanning electron microscopy on two kinds of powder were significantly different. the contents of hormones in common powder were HCG:239.86 mU·mL^-1,E₂: 1 134 pg·mL^-1,P: 9.02 ng·mL^-1,T: 0.98 ng·mL1, and in micropowder they are HCG:375.18 mU·mL1,E₂: 1 721 pg·mL^-1, P: 21.07 ng·mL^-1,T: 1.27 ng·mL^-1. Conclusion The character of micropowder is prominent by scanning electron microscopy, and the indexes of radioimmunoassay are significantly higher than those of the common powder.

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中药及天然药物专栏

Effect of Curcumin on Kidneys in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

LIU Shen-wei;XIONG Li-jia;FU Yan-hong

2007, 26(7): 749-753.

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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of curcumin on renal lesions in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Diabetic rats were randomly divided into sham operated group,uninephrectomized group,diabetic group and diabetic group treated with curcumin with 8 rats in each group. Two weeks after operation rats were given the diet rich in fat and sugar for 4 weeks. The rats were injected twice with one week interval intraperitoneally with low dose of streptozotocin 30 mg·kg^-1 in diabetic group and curcumin-treated group, or citrate buffer in shamoperated group and uninephrectomized group. Two weeks after the second injection the blood sugar, creatinine clearance, 24 h urinary albumnin excretion, the expression of NFκB (immunohistochemistry) and TLR2mRNA (RT-PCR) as well as renal morphology were determined and compared among the groups. Results Treatment with curcumin could markedly decrease Ccr and urinary albumin excretion compared with diabetic rats. The blood sugar had no difference between them. After treatment with curcumin the expression of NFκBp65 in nucleus was decreased and renal pathologic changes were improved while the TLR2 mRNA in kidney had no change. Conclusion Curcumin can ameliorate renal lesions in diabetic rats, and the possible mechanism is correlated with suppressing NFκBp65 translocation into the nucleus, but not suppressing TLR2 mRNA expression.

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药物与临床

Intravenous Edaravone Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen for Treatment of 42 Cases of Acute Cerebral Infarction

LAI Xiaobiao;YU min;GU Subing;ZHANG Qingchen;ZHANG Tianyou

2007, 26(7): 771-773.

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Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous edaravone combined with hyperbaric oxygen on acute cerebral infarction. Methods 82 cases of acute cerebral infarction（ACI）, enrolled within 24 h of onset, were randomly divided into the combined treatment group (42 cases) and control group (40 cases). Edaravone was infused at a dose of 30 mg, twice a day, for 14 days. Hyperbaric oxygen［2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 minutes per day］ was initiated within the first 48 hours and repeated daily for 12 days. Whereas the control group received only conventional treatment. We assessed European Stroke Scale(ESS) before and after treatment. Results Early improvement ( day 0 and day 14), defined as change in European Stroke Scale(ESS), was seen among the combined treatment group than in the control group. Further efficacy was seen at day 21. Conclusion The results suggest that edaravone combined with hyperbaric oxygen be effective in patients with acute cerebral infarction .

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药物制剂

Effects of Different Matrix on in Vitro Release of Ketotifen Nasal Gel

YU Jia;YANG MIN-feng;CHEN Li-hua;MA Ke

2007, 26(7): 787-789.

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Objective To optimize the polymeric matrix of ketotifen gel through in vitro release test. Methods Adopting membrane diffusion method, the cumulative release amounts of ketotifen were determined by HPLC to compare the effects of different concentration of various polymeric matrix (including HPMC, Carbopol, PVA) on the release of ketotifen. Results Ketotifen gel releases in three different vehicles conformed to Higuchi equation, and the release rate in different polymeric matrix was different and the release rate was different in same matrix with different concentration. Along with the increase in concentration, the release rate descended. Conclusion The release of ketotifen gel is influenced by matrix category and concentration. It is suitable to select HPMC of moderate concentration to prepare ketotifen nasal gel.

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药品质量控制

Determination of Total Tanshinone and TanshinoneⅡA in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge. f.Alba by HPLC

QI Yong-xiu;LI Xiang;WAN Jian-jian;CAO Ming-liang;GAO Yun-sheng;XIA Zuo-li

2007, 26(7): 796-798.

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Objective To determine total tanshinone and tanshinoneⅡA in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f.alba by HPLC. Methods Ultrasonic extraction with 90% ethanol was used to extract the lipid soluble component in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge.f.alba. The liquid chromatography was carried out by using waters symmetry shield RP18 column (150 mm×3.9 mm,5 μm) with detection wavelength at 270 nm. The mobile phase was 90% methanol in determining the total tanshinone,75% acetonitrile in determining the tanshinoneⅡA .The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min1. Results There was a good linear relationship within the range of 0.075－0.750 mg·mL^-1 (total tanshinone) and 7.5－50.0 μg·mL^-1 (tanshinoneⅡA) (r=0.999 4, n=5 ). Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, selective and sensitive. Total tanshinone and tanshinoneⅡA are rich in Salvia miltiorrhiza bge. f.alba.

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药品质量控制

Determination of Thiosulfinates Content in Garlic by 4MP-UV

HUANG Hongyong;TANG Hui;CUI Lina;XING Chunmei

2007, 26(7): 798-802.

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Objective To set up a simple 4MP-UV method for the determination of thiosulfinates contents in garlic. Methods The sample of garlic extraction was immersed into alcohol , sonicated and detected with spectrophotometric assay by 4MP-UV. Results The savedup garlic and the fresh garlic respectively contained thiosulfinates 0.117 0% and 0.243 5% .Relative standard deviations (RSD) were 3.43% and 3.08%, both less than 5%. Conclusion The method is easy ,sensitive, fast and inexpensive.

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药品质量控制

Study on Quality Standard for Zhike Syrup

HE Guo-fang;LIN Fang;MIN Min;WEI Shi-chao;FANG Mu-chu

2007, 26(7): 802-804.

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Objective To set up the quality standard for zhike syrup. Methods Pericarpium citri reticulatae in recipe was qualitatively identified by TLC. The content of hesperidin in syrup was determined by HPLC. Column was C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·mL-1 was CH3OH-H2O-H3PO4(50：50：0.2), the detection wavelength was 280 nm. Results Pericarpium citri reticulatae could be specifically identified by TLC. Determination method of hesperidin was linear at range of 5.36－85.76 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9,n=6). The average recovery was 99.3%(RSD=1.36%). Conclusion The quantitative and qualitative analysis methods are accurate and reproducible. This study provides a method for the quality control of zhike syrup .

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药品质量控制

Simultaneous Determination of Procaine Hydrochloride and Caffeine in Impletol Injection with HPLC

LIN Fang;MIN Min;HE Guo-fang

2007, 26(7): 804-806.

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Objective To establish HPLC assay for the determination of procaine hydrochloride and caffeine in impletol injection. Methods The HPLC was conducted on a Hypersil ODS C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrilewatertriethylamine (pH adjusted to 3.9 with dilute acentic acid )(13：87：0.02) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^-1 and detection wavelength was at 273 nm. Results There was a good linear correlation within a range of 5.29－52.90 μg·mL^-1 of procaine hydrochloride. The average recovery of procaine hydrochloride was 99.3%( RSD was 1.32%), and there was a good linear correlation within a range of 3.7837.80 μg·mL^-1 of caffeine, the average recovery of caffeine was 98.8% (RSD was 1.26% ). ConclusionThe method is shown to be simple and accurate.

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药事管理

Study on the Risk Management of Hospital Pharmacy

GU Su-jun;SHAN Wen-zhi;CHENG Yi-hong

2007, 26(7): 824-826.

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The risk management of hospital pharmacy is defined and divide into hospital medicine quality risk, hospital medicine management risk and Clinical Pharmacy occupational risk. Furthermore, the author gives some points to control and treatment the risk of hospital pharmacy management ,such as we should optimize the hospital pharmacy management system to increase the hospital pharmacy word efficiency, establish the medicine operating strategy to keep the medicine income increasing, move pharmacy management risk to lower consumption increase efficiency.

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