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    药物研究
  • 药物研究
    A Study of the Pharmacological Effects of Chilblain Gel in the Treatment of Frostbite
    MA Pingbo;ZHU Quanhong
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo study the pharmacological effects of chilblain gel in the treatment of frostbite in animals.MethodsServing as the subjects of the study, rats and rabbits were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, respectively, the normal control group, the frostbite model group, the lowdose treatment group and the highdose treatment group.The frostbite model was set up by immersing both hind paws of the animals into －25℃ ethanol for 5 min.Animals of lowdose and highdose treatment groups were given each 25 mg·（cm2）-1 and 50 mg·（cm2）-1of chilblain gel, respectively, by smearing the gel locally 3 times a day, for 2(in rats) to 5(in rabbits) consecutive days.The rats were then sacrificed by decapitation and blood samples collected for the determination of whole blood viscosity, blood clotting factor Ⅰ, hematocrit and plasma viscosity as well as assessment of the immune function. Blood was taken by heart puncture in the rabbits for the assay of thrombocyte function .The course of the local changes in the frostinjured areas in the rabbits was kept under close observation.ResultsStrikingly increased values of whole blood viscosity, hematocrit and plasma viscosity were demonstrated in rats of the model group as compared with those of the normal controls (P＜0.01).The values, however, were shown to be very impressively switched toward the normal range in rats both of the lowdose and highdose treatment groups(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The values of blood clotting factor Ⅰwere similar in all 4 groups of the rats(P＞0.05).The inhibition rate of platelet aggregation of the blood from rabbits of the frostbite model group ［(16.5±2.3)%］ was significantly lower than that of the normal controls［(23.7±3.5)%］(P＜0.01).The rate was shown to be (22.8±2.9)% in rabbits of the treatment groups, which was much higher than that of the model group(P＜0.01).The immune function as reflected by T lymphocyte transformation, NK cell activity and secretion of IL-2 by T lymphocytes was strongly inhibited in rats of the model group as compared with that in rats of the normal controls (P＜0.01).The parameters in rats of the treatment groups, as a whole, were shown to be dramatically shifted towards normal values as compared with those of the model group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and normal controls, representing a striking improvement in the immune function after the treatment.The beneficial effect of the gel was shown locally by decreased rate of swelling and increased areas of the skin that survived in the frostinjured hind paws.ConclusionThe chilblain gel was shown to be effective in the treatment of frostbite as reflected by systemic and local examinations in the animals.

    • 皮肤性病科用药专栏
  • 皮肤性病科用药专栏
    Treatment of 254 Cases of Acne Vulgaris with Cuoyanling
    LI Shenqiu
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo survey the therapeutic effectiveness and safety rate of cuoyanling No.1&No.2 prepared by ourselves in the treatment of acne vulgaris.Methods359 patients with acne vulgaris were randomly divided into three groups: the trial group1 (n＝116), trial group 2(n＝138) and control group (n＝105).Patients of the trial group 1 were treated with cuoyanling NO.1 (2 g of metronidazole and 0.5 g of chlorompenicol dissolved in 100 mL of 75% ethanol)locally applied onto the eruptions 3－4 times a day.Patients of the trial group 2 were treated with cuoyanling NO.1 3 times a day during daytime and once a day with cuoyanling NO.2 (30 g of 2% sulphur cream frost containing 1.4 g of powdered metronidazode) at night predormitally.The drugs were painted or smeared onto the lesions locally.Patients of the control group were treated only with 2% sulphur cream frost 3－4 times a day .All patients were asked to wash their faces before treatment.The course of treatment in all 3 groups lasted 4 weeks.Changes in the lesions including comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules and nodules as well as adverse reactions were kept under careful observation.ResultsThe overall effective rate in patients of the trial group 1 was 87.1%: 32 patients(27.6%) were basically cured, 69 patients(59.5%) had excellent therapeutic effects and 12(10.3%) showed improvement.The overall effective in patients of the trial group 2 was 93.5%: 41 pationts(29.7%) were basically cured, 88 patients(63.8%) had excellents therapeutic effects and 7(5.1%) showed improvement.The overall effective rate in patients of the control group was 7.7%: 3 patients（2.9%） were basically cured ，5 patients（4.8%）showed excellent therapeutic effects and 25（23.8%）showed improvement.No major adverse reactions were encountered in patients of all 3 groups.ConclusionCuoyanling was shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
    • 药物研究
  • 药物研究
    In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Extract from Psidium Guaijava L.
    CAI Lingfei;XU Ying
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo survey the in vitro antibacterial activity of the extract from Psidium guaijava L.against common bacteria.MethodsAgar diffusion test and test tube dilution method were used to assay the bacteriostatic effects of the extract from Psidium guaijava L.on 11 strains of common bacteria as well as the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the extract on 3 strains of the bacteria studied.The effects were compared with those of Herba Houttuyniae injection.ResultsThe extract at a concentration of 1 g·mL-1 was shown to have fairly strong bacteriostatic effects on staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Neisseria meningitidis, Candida albicans and bacillus pyocyaneus and the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 15.5 mm. The extract had also definite bacteriostatic effects on bacillus dysenteriae, typhoid bacillus, β-paratyphoid bacillus.Proteus vulgaris and βhemolytic streptococcus.The diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone was greater than 11.0 mm.The MICs of the drug extracted with 4 different solvents (chloroform ,nbutanol, ethyl acetate and methanol)for staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were 0.125－0.25 g·mL-1, 0.125－0.25 g·mL-1, 0.062 5－0.25 g·mL-1, 0.25－0.5 g·mL-1, respectively .The corresponding MBCs were 0.062 5－0.125 g·mL-1, 0.062 5－0.125 g·mL-1, 0.031 25－0.125 g·mL-1 and 0.125－0.25 g·mL-1, respectively.The bacteriostatic effects of the extract at different concentrations were stronger than those of Herba houttuyniae injection at equivalent concentrations.ConclusionThe extract from Psidium guaijava L.was shown to have fairly strong broadspectrum antibacterial effects.
  • 药物研究
    The Protective Effect of Chinese Angelica Injection and its 2 Components Angi-S and Angi-Y on Rats with Cerebral Ischemia
    WANG Zhiyong;FANG Shiping;SUN Manchun;LUO Guoqing;LU Bihua
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo study the protective effects of the Chinese Angelica injection and its 2 components Angi-S and Angi-Y on rats with cerebral ischemia.Methods72 SD rats served as the subjects of the study. The model of cerebral ischemia was set up by ligating bilateral common carotid arteries under urethan anesthesia.The 2 components Angi-S and Angi-Y were separated from the Chinese Angelica injection with silica gel column chromatography.The rats were randomly divided into several groups including the model group and trial group 1 to 3. Rats of the trial group 1 were given each an IP injection of 6.24 mL·kg-1,12.48 mL·kg-1and 18.72 mL·kg-1 of Chinese Angelica injection ,q,d,.respectively.Rats of the trial group 2 were given each an IP injection of 6.24 mL·kg-1,12.48 mL·kg-1 and 18.72 mL·kg-1 of AngiS, q.d., respectively. Rats of the trial group 3 were given each an IP injection of 6.24 mL·kg-1,12.48 mL·kg-1 and 18.72 mL·kg-1 of Angi-Y, q.d., respectively.Rats of the model group were given equivalent volumes of normal satine in the same manner.The course of treatment in rats of all groups lasted 2 weeks.The animals were than sacrificed and serum and brain samples collected for the determination of nitric oxide(NO) and MDA in the sera ,NO and SOD in the brain homogenates.ResultsAngi-S(in medium, high doses)and Angi-Y(in low, medium and high doses)were shown to increase the SOD activities in the brain homogenate as compared with those of the model group (P＜0.05). Angi-S and Angi-Y , both in medium and high doses, were shown to decrease the content of NO in the brain homogenates as compared with that of the model group (P＜0.01).Angi-S in medium and high doses was shown to decrease the content of serum MDA as compared with the model group (P＜0.05).The Chinese Angelica injection in medium and high doses ,Angi-S and Angi-Y in low ,medium and high doses were shown to decrease the number of pyknotic nerve cells in the cerebral cortex as compared with the model group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The Chinese Angelica injection in medium and high doses , AngiS in medium and high doses were shown to decrease the number of pyknotic nerve cells in the h1 area of the hippocampus as compared with the model group (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe Chinese Angelica injection as well as its active components Angi-S and Angi-Y were shown to have protective effects on the rats with cerebral ischemia.
  • 药物研究
    Effect of Letrozole on the Secretion of Estradiol by Hysteromyoma Cells in Vitro
    HU Shuqin;ZHENG Hongbing;WANG Xiaohong
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo study the effect of aromatase inhibitor letrozole on the secretion of estradiol by hysteromyoma cell in vitro.MethodsHysteromyoma cells and normal myometrial cells were subjected to primary culture for 72 h.The cells were then cultured in serumfree media for 24 h and the cells were divided into 5 groups:(1) normal myometrial cells, (2) hysteromyoma cell without the addition of letrozole,(3),(4)and (5),hysteromyoma cells with the addition of letrozole at concentrations of 10.5 mol·L-1 ,10.7 mol·L-1and 10.9 mol·L-1,respectively, and cultured for 48 h..Estradiol in supernatants of the cultures was determined with ELISA.The differences between the levels of estradiol secreted by cells of the different groups were analyzed.ResultsThe amount of estradiol secreted by hysteromyoma cells was significantly larger than that produced by normal myometrial cells (P＜0.01). Letrozole in different concentrations mentioned above was shown to dramatically decrease the amount of estradiol secreted by the hysteromyoma cells as compared with that secreted by the tumor cells without the addition of the drug (P＜0.05).Furthermore, the amounts of estradiol secreted by the tumor cells were shown to decline gradually along with the increase in the concentrations of letrozole.ConclusionThe aromatase inhibitor letrozole was shown to significantly decrease the amount of estradiol secreted by hysteromyoma cells, suggesting that the drug may possibly be effective in the clinical treatment of hysteromyoma.
    • 皮肤性病科用药专栏
  • 皮肤性病科用药专栏
    Mycoplasmal Infection of the Female Genital Tract and Changes in the Resistance of the Pathogens to Drugs
    LIU Zehu;ZHOU Weiheng;HONG Weisong
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo study the mycoplasmal infections in patients with nongonococcal cervicitis and changes in the resistance of the pathogens to drugs.MethodsFrom the year 2001 to 2003，patients seeking for gynecological advice and suspected of nongonococal cervicitis were subjected to culture for mycoplasma from their cervical secretions and testing of sensitivity of the recovered pathogens to drugs.Changes in sensitivity of the pathogens to drugs during these three years were analyzed.ResultsOf the 487 cases studied in 2001, 452 were infected with mycoplasmas, and , 37（8.19%） from these had a mixed infection of ureaplasma urealyticum(UU)and mycoplasma hominis(MH).Of the 407 patients studied in 2002, 376 were shown to have mycoplasmal cervicitis and 31（8.24%） from them had a mixed infection of UU and MH.Of the 340 cases examined in 2003, 291 had their culture of cervical secretions positive for mycoplasma and 2（0.69%）of these patients were mixed infected with UU and MH.No single MH infection was found.During these three years, the resistance of the mycoplasmas to doxycycline and minocycline was kept as low as 4.0% constantly.The resistance to josamycin , however, was greatly enhanced in 2003. The resistance to roxithromycin and azithromycin was kept relatively low while their medium sensitivity was definitely increased in 2003.The resistance to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin was also low while their medium sensitivity were high all through the 3 years.The resistance and medium sensitivity of the mycoplasma to spectinomycin remained high during these three years.ConclusionThe drug sensitivity of mycoplasmas may change along with time.It is therefore essential to monitor drug resistance of mycopalsma at regular intervals.Drugs for the treatment of mycoplasmal infections should be chosen according to the results of drug sensitivity tests and features of the pharmacokinetics of the drugs.
    • 药物与临床
  • 药物与临床
    Treatment of 20 Cases of Dry Eye with Cyclosporin A Eye Drops
    HU Jun;LI Guigang
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical curative effect of cyclosporin A eye drops in the treatment of dry eye.Methods40 patients with bilateral dry eye were randomly divided into 2 equal groups, the trial group and control group.Patients of the trial group were given each 1～2 drops of 0.05% cyclosporin A eye drops dripped onto each eye 2 times a day and 1～2 drops compound naphazoline hydrochloride eye drops administered in the same manner 4 times a day.Patients of the control group were treated with compound naphazoline hydrochloride only at the same dosage and in the same manner as described above.The course of treatment in both groups lasted 1 month and the curative effects were then evaluated.The results of the Schirmer-1 test, the breakup time of lacrimal membrane(BUT), the outcome of corneal staining with fluorescein and the subjective dry eye symptoms were registered in patients of both groups before and after the treatment in an autocontrol study.Results It was shown by the results of all the abovementioned examinations as well as the improvement in subjective symptoms that the curative effect in patients of the trial group was by far superior to that in patients of the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusion0.05% cyclosporin eye drops were shown to have striking curative effects in the treatment of dry eye.No major adverse reactions were encountered.
  • 药物与临床
    Relationship between the Antiviral Effect and Changes in Helper T(Th) Cytokine Levels in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Using Lamivudine Combined with Alpha Interferon
    YU Zhendong;WU Bo;PENG Yanzhong;GUI Yaoting
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo probe into the relationship between the antiviral effect and changes in levels of Th cytokines in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B using lamivudine combined with alpha interferon.Methods39 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 healthy blood donors served as the subjects of the study.The patients were given each 100 mg of lamivudine PO,q.d.and 5 MU of IFN-α IM,q.o.d..The course of the combined treatment lasted 1 year.The healthy blood donors, acting as normal controls, were subjected to no drug treatment.Serum levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 as well as HBV-DNA both of the patients and blood donors were determined with ELISA and PCR before and 1 year after the treatment of the patients, respectively.The patients were then subdivided into the effective group and the ineffective group according to HBV-DNA replication index and the situation of the conversion of HBeAg into HbeAb.ResultsAfter the combined treatment of the patients, serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly higher (P＜0.05) while HBV-DNA level was significantly lower (P＜0.05) than those before the treatment.Furthermore, serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were significantly higher (P＜0.05), while those of IL-4 and HBV-DNA were significantly lower (P＜0.05) in patients of the effective group as compared with those of the ineffective group.ConclusionLamivudine combined with alpha interferon was shown to have a striking inhibitory effect on the replication of HBV-DNA in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B.In patients of the effective group after the treatment, the immune state of the body was converted from a chiefly Th2 type into a chiefly Th1 type.
  • 药物与临床
    Treatment of 24 Cases of Fatty Liver with Keganzhi Capsules
    ZHOU Yi;HUANG He;ZHAO Yiping;YE Song
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo survey and assess the therapeutic effectiveness and safety rate of keganzhi capsules (KGZC) in the treatment of fatty liver.Methods48 qualified patients with fatty liver were randomly divided into 2 equal groups, the trial group and control group.Patients of the trial group and control group were given each 5 KGZCs and 3 tablets of Dongbaogantai (DBGT) PO, t.i.d., respectively.The course of treatment in both groups lasted 3 months.A 3month followup study was carried out after the termination of the treatment.Before and after the treatment as well as during the followup study, each patient of the 2 groups was submitted to determination of the body weight, waisthip ratio, blood lipids (TC, TG), liver function (ALT, AST GGT) as well as Bmode ultrasonic examination.Routine examinations of the stool, urine and blood, renal function tests and ECG examination were carried out for all of the patients before and after the treatment.ResultsStriking improvement in body weight, waisthip ratio, liver function, blood lipids and the state of the fatty liver as revealed by Bmode ultrasonography was demonstrated in patients of both groups after the treatment and during the followup study as compared with the corresponding results before the treatment (P＜0.05).The differences between patients of the two groups with respect to reduction of body weight and waisthip ratio, improvement in liver function and decrement of serum total cholesterol (TC) were insignificant (P＞0.05).However, the amelioration of subjective symptoms, the extent of the decline of serum triglycerides (TG) and improvement in the state of fatty liver as revealed by Bmode ultrasonography in patients of the trial group were by far superior to those in patients of the control group (P＜0.05).During the followup study 3 months after the termination of the treatment, the extent of the decline of serum TG in patients of the trial group was still significantly greater than that in patients of the control group (P＜0.05).ConclusionKGZC was shown to reduce the body weight and waisthip ratio, lower blood lipid level and improve liver function in patients with fatty liver .No major adverse reactions were encountered.It is therefore a safe and effective traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of fatty liver.
    • 药品质量控制
  • 药品质量控制
    Studies of the Quality Standards of Ursolic Acid Standard Products
    ZOU Shengqin;CHEN Wu;LI Kaiquan
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo study and formulate the quality standards of ursolic acid standard products.MethodsDifferent indices of standard products of ursolic acid were examined with qualitative and quantitative analyses according to the corresponding measures stipulated in the Appendix of the Chinese Pharmacopeoia(Ⅱ) published in 2000.ResultsThe specific rotatory power of 5 batches of ursolic acid standard products was ＋63～67°(［α］D20,C 0.095, EtOH); the melting point was 285～287℃ and the ash content, less than 0.5%.The content of ursolic acid in the products was up to 99.5 %, as revealed by HPLC.Conclusion All of the indices were shown to accord with the relevant prescripts for standard substances and the method can be used for the study of the quality standards of ursolic acid standard products.
  • 药品质量控制
    Studies of Quality Standards of Medicinal Magnolia Bark
    ZHONG Lingyun;YI Bingxue;GONG Qianfeng
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo build up quality standards for medicinal magnolia bark (raw slices of the bark and slices stirbaked with ginger juice).MethodsThe contents of moisture, total ash, acidinsoluble ash, ethanol soluble extract and its active principles magnolol and honokiol of 10 batches of medicinal magnolia bark from 4 different growing areas were determined and submitted to micromanipulation and TLC identification.On the basis of these examinations, the quality standards of all the indices were built up.ResultsThe average values of the indices of the raw slices and slices stirbaked with ginger juice of the drug were: moisture 8.31%/8.47%, total ash 3.77%/3.79%, acidinsoluble ash 1.58%/1.89%, 70%ethanol extract 20.67%/21.55%, the sum total of magnolol and honokiol 4.34%/3.62%, respectively.ConclusionIt is suggested by the authors of the present study that the quality standards of medicinal magnolia bark (raw slices and slices stirbaked with ginger juice) could be tentatively arranged as follows: moisture, 7%～13%; total ash, not more than 5.0%, acidinsoluble ash, not more than 3.0%; 70% ethanol extract, no less than 18.0%, the sum total of magnolol and honokiol ,no less than 2.5%/2.0%, respectively.
  • 药品质量控制
    Determination of the Specified Impurity 2,3-Cyclopentenopyridine and Related Substances in Cefpirome Sulfate with HPLC
    WANG Qiongfen;CHEN Yue
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo determine the specified impurity 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine and related substances in cefpirome sulfate with HPLC.MethodsA SHIMADZU Shimpack VPODS(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm) served as the chromatographic column.The mobile phase was 0.02 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate solutionacetonitrile (90∶10),the pH being adjusted to (5.6±0.05) with sodium hydroxide.The flow rate was 1.5 mL·min-1, the column temperature , 35℃,and the detection wavelength was 265 nm.ResultsThe peaks of 2,3cyclopentenopyridine and other degradation products were well separated from those of cefpirome.The calibration curves were linear when the concentrations of 2,3cyclopentenopyridine and related substances were in the range of 0.25－20.00 μg·mL-1 and 0.05%～5%, respectively.ConclusionThe method was shown to be handy, efficient, sensitive and exclusive .It can thus be used for the impurity control and experimental study of the drug stability of cefpirome sulfate.
    • 用药指南
  • 用药指南
    The Dosage Regimen Design of Multiple Intravenous Instillations of Drugs Obeying Parallel First Order MichaelisMenten Elimination Kinetics
    SU Yinfa;DU Leyan
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo set up a method for the design of dosage regimen of drugs administered by multiple intravenous instillations obeying the parallel first order MichaelisMenten elimination kinetics.MethodsAccording to the fourstage RungeKutta algorithm, we used Microsoft Excel to write a design program for dosage regime based on pharmacokinetic parameters.ResultsMaximum maintenance dose (dmax) and minimum maintenance dose(dmin) were obtained by program solution after inputting the pharmacokinetic parameters（Vm, Km, Vd, ke） and dosing interval (τs).Following the input of selected maintenance dose (d) and initial concentration, the Excel displayed plasma concentration of the drug and AUC value at miniinterval (H) after any single administration within one cycle as well as fractional number of reaching plateau (F［n］) and the time of effective blood concentration of the drug (Tec).The loading dose was obtained by single variable solution.ConclusionThe design of the method was simple and capable not only of providing safe and effective dosages for the clinical administration of drugs but also offering assessment of the dosage regimen of a definite drug.
    • 药物不良反应
  • 药物不良反应
    Statistical Analysis of 78 Cases Manifesting Adverse Reactions Caused by Nimodipine
    PI Damao;PU Yu
    2005, 24(12): 0-0.
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    ObjectiveTo probe into the general regularity and characteristics of the adverse reactions resulted from nimodipine so as to provide references for the rational use of the drug in the clinic.Methods78 cases showing adverse reactions caused by nimodipine reported in domestic literatures issued from 1990 to 2004 were collected and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe adverse reactions were mainly manifested as allergic responses and symptoms of the cardiovascular system, digestive system and nervous system, etc..These reactions were more likely to occur in senile patients.Conclusion Much attention should be paid to the monitoring of adverse reactions caused by nimodipine, patients should be allowed to take nimodipine only under the strict direction of the doctor.
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