中国科技论文统计源期刊 中文核心期刊
美国《化学文摘》《国际药学文摘》
《乌利希期刊指南》
WHO《西太平洋地区医学索引》来源期刊
日本科学技术振兴机构数据库（JST）
第七届湖北十大名刊提名奖
美国《化学文摘》《国际药学文摘》
《乌利希期刊指南》
WHO《西太平洋地区医学索引》来源期刊
日本科学技术振兴机构数据库（JST）
第七届湖北十大名刊提名奖
In August 2021,Asia-Pacific venous thromboembolism consensus in knee and hip arthroplasty and hip fracture surgery were announced by the Asia-Pacific orthopaedic experts.Main contents of the consensus involve in drug prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE),introduce the commonly used drugs and treatment to prevent blood clots in detail,illustrate the differences in prevention programs of major orthopedic surgery,and provide orthopaedic assessments of the risks of thrombosis and bleeding.In this paper,as the interpretation of the agreement,we aim to provide reference for the orthopaedic use of anticoagulant drugs to prevent blood clots.
Objective To investigate the effects of MMI-0100 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rats and its underlying mechanisms. Methods The male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6), the normal control group,the model control group and MMI-0100 group.Rat model of BPH was induced by castration and subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate.MMI-0100 group was intraperitoneally injected with MMI-0100 40 μg·kg-1.The prostate index was calculated based on the weight of body and prostate.Prostatic hyperplasia and collagen deposition were observed by HE and Masson stain.Prostatic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by detecting the expression and mRNA levels of vmentin and α-SMA via immunohistochemical staining,Western blotting and qPCR.Additionally,the expression of MK2,phosphorylated-MK2 (p-MK2),P38,p-P38 and TGF-β1 were tested by Western blotting. Results Compared with the model control group (3.51±0.14)×10-2,MMI-0100 reduced prostate index (3.12±0.10)×10-2(P<0.05),inhibited prostatic collagen deposition and EMT,as well as decreased the expression of p-MK2 and TGF-β1. Conclusion MMI-0100 can attenuate prostatic fibrosis via inhibiting P38/ MK2/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
Objective To investigate the protective effect of hawthorn leaves flavonoids (HLF) on kidney injury in hyperlipidemia rats. Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8):normal control group,model control group,simvastatin group (8 mg·kg-1),HLF low dose group (100 mg·kg-1),HLF middle dose group (200 mg·kg-1) and HLF high dose group (400 mg·kg-1).Normal control group was given maintenance diet,while the other groups were given high fat diet.After 8 weeks of administration,triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured.Interleukin 1β (IL-1β),interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The pathological changes of kidney tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining methods.The expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1) in the kidney tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of MCP-1,TGF-β1 and NF-κB P65. Results Compared with the model control group,the HLF low dose group,HLF middle dose group and HLF high dose group could reduce the levels of TG,TC,LDL-C,MDA,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and MCP-1,TGF-β1 and NF-κB P65. Furthurmore,the level of SOD,GSH,and GSH-Px were increased.Renal tissue injury and fibrosis were alleviated under light microscope.The expressions of MCP-1,TGF-β1 and NF-κB P65 were decreased.In addition,the protective effect of HLF was dose-dependent. Conclusion HLF has a protective effect on kidney injury induced by hyperlipidemia in rats.Its mechanism may be related to anti-oxidation and the down-regulation of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 pathway by NF-κB P65.
Objective To improve solubility of formononetin by cocrystal technology. Methods A new cocrystal of formononetin with 4,4'-bipyridine was prepared by the solvent suspension and liquid assisted grinding.The cocrystal was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR),powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD),infrared spectroscopy (IR),and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The solubility of the cocrystal was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography,and the stability was evaluated by PXRD. Results The formononetin-4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal with higher purity can be prepared by solvent suspension and liquid assisted grinding.The equilibrium solubility of formononetin-4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal was increased approximately by 2.61 folds compared to raw material.The cocrystal was stable under temperature[(60±1)℃],humidity[(90±5)%,25 ℃],and light[(4500±500) lx,25 ℃]. Conclusion Formononetin-4,4'-bipyridine cocrystal with good stability can significantly improve the solubility of the bulk drug.
Objective To prepare,and characterize the cocrystal of luteolin and piperazine,and to compare the solubility and pharmacokinetics of luteolin cocrystal and mixture in vitro. Methods The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the cocrystal and physical mixture.The in vitro solubility of luteolin was determined by the method of HPLC.The plasma concentration of luteolin was determined by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrum (LC-MS). Results There were obvious differences in the results of PXRD and DSC between the cocrystal and luteolin. The solubility of the cocrystal in SDS solution was higher than that of the physical mixture by 39%. The primary pharmacokinetic study on the rats showed that, as compared to the physical mixture, the cocrystal presented shorter time reaching to peak and retention time, and increased the area under the drug concentration-time curve after intragastric administration. Conclusion The cocrystal improves the solubility and bioavailability of luteolin, indicating that a better druggability of luteolin.
Objective To probe into the formation mechanism and weak interaction between naringin and carbamazepine cocrystal was studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Methods Fixed stoichiometry cocrystals of naringin with carbamazepine were prepared by solvent-assisted grinding.The cocrystal samples were quickly and effectively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD),infrared and Raman spectum.The potential mechanism of cocrystal formation was discussed by analyzing the changes of intermolecular interaction. Results The infrared characteristic absorption peak and Raman shift of naringin and carbamazepine cocrystal produce the shift of peak position and the change of peak height and peak width,which is mainly reflected in the obvious change of stretching vibration of hydrogen atom in the range of 3500-3000 cm-1 of infrared wave number.For example,the characteristic peaks of-NH2 and-OH move to low frequency number and tend to widen.The fundamental frequency vibration peak of benzene ring changes in the wavelength range of 1000-800 cm-1of Raman wave number. Conclusion Infrared spectrum and Raman spectrum can be used for the identification and analysis of cocrystal materials.The intermolecular force information obtained by spectral analysis,such as the shift of-OH stretching vibration peak and-C-N stretching vibration peak in infrared spectrum,and the interaction forces such as hydrogen bond and π-π accumulation between the two molecules in Raman spectrum,which is consistent with the formation mechanism of cocrystal and the analysis of single crystal structure,which proves that the research on the origin of cocrystal based on spectrum is feasible,and provides a comprehensive and multi-dimensional scientific basis for clarifying the formation mechanism and characteristics of cocrystal.
Objective To study the preparation and structural characterization of estriol cocrystals. Methods Both liquid-assisted grinding (ethyl acetate) and slurry (ethyl acetate) were used to synthesize cocrystals of estriol.The obtained cocrystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction,thermo gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry,FT-IR spectra and 1H-NMR spectra.The stability and solubility of cocrystals were tested. Results After co-crystal screening tests and structural characterization,7 kinds of cocrystals of estriol including estriol-urea,estriol-acetamide,estriol-piperazine,estriol-isonicotinamide,estriol-naphthalene,estriol-anthracene,and estriol-phenanthrene were prepared.Cocrystals had good physical stability and better solubility than estriol. Conclusion Based on the systematic study of estriol cocrystals,the characterization,preparation method,stability,and solubility of estriol cocrystals were clarified,which provided scientific basic data for the selection of estriol cocrystal.
Objective Based on the thermodynamic properties of betulin,new crystal forms of betulin were discovered and crystal form of dominant drug with good stability and improved solubility was determined. Methods Three new crystal forms of betulin were found by analyzing the characteristic profiles of the thermal analysis of betulin form A.The crystalline forms were characterized through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),thermogravimetry (TG),and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD).PXRD was used to evaluate the stability,and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to investigate the solubility properties of the crystal forms. Results Three new crystal forms combined with phase change temperatures,namely form B,form C and form D were discovered.The dominant drug crystal form of Betulin was determined to be form D (amorphous) by stability and solubility evaluation,which was best soluble in 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution and stable at high temperature[(60±1) ℃],high humidity[(90±5)%,25 ℃]and light[(4500±500) lx,25 ℃] conditions. Conclusion Compared with the conventional screening methods in polymorphic research,this study finds the law of phase transitions between different crystal forms of betulin,which provides a reference method for the discovery of polymorphs,a reference method for the discovery and in-depth study of betulin's polymorphs,and has the advantages of simplicity and speed.
With the development of pharmaceutical cocrystallization technology,rapid and high-throughput screening methods for screening pharmaceutical cocrystal formers have attracted great attention of researchers.This article summarizes the role of three commonly used cocrystal screening theoretical calculation methods in the prediction and rapid screening of pharmaceutical cocrystal formers,including:①The virtual cocrystal design method based on molecular surface electrostatic potential.The possible intermolecular interaction sites on the molecular surface are determined by calculating the molecular surface electrostatic potential,which provides a reliable guiding principle for intermolecular recognition.②According to the design theory of Hansen solubility parameters,the feasibility of cocrystal formation can be predicted by calculating the Hansen solubility difference between the active pharmaceutical ingredients and the cocrystal formers,so as to realize the rapid screening of cocrystal formers.③ Based on the COSMO-RS calculation model of liquid phase thermodynamics theory,the chemical potential of compounds in solution is calculated by using the shielding charge density calculated by the first principle combined with rapid statistical thermodynamics,which provides an efficient method for rapid screening of cocrystal formers.This paper aims to provide reference for the further application of virtual cocrystal screening in the field of pharmaceutical cocrystallization by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of three common cocrystal virtual screening methods.
The solid forms of drugs include polymorphs,cocrystals,and salts.The change of crystal form can change a variety of physical and chemical properties of solid chemical substances,thereby affecting the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug.Drug cocrystals (salts) can modify drug molecules without changing the structure of the drug,thereby improving solubility,increasing stability,improving bioavailability,etc.The main difference between cocrystal and salt is whether there is proton transfer.The research of polymorphs and cocrystals (salts) has become an indispensable and important link in drug design,approval,production,and quality control.Azazole drugs can inhibit various fungi such as Aspergillus and Candida albicans by changing the permeability of the membrane,and are antifungal drugs with great clinical application prospects.This paper,starting from azole antifungal drugs (including imidazoles,triazoles,and second-generation triazoles),reviews the domestic and foreign research progress of polymorphs and cocrystals of azole drugs such as ketoconazole,itraconazole,and voriconazole.We hope to provide reference for the subsequent development and utilization of new azole drugs.
Many active pharmaceutical ingredients are used in the form of solid preparations.In order to improve the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the drug,it is necessary to study and characterize the polymorph,cocrystal,and amorphous form of the drug.The application of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance technology in the field of drug analysis has become more and more in-depth,and its qualitative and quantitative advantages in the fields of drug polymorphs and cocrystals are becoming more and more prominent.In this paper,we summarized the development of solid-state nuclear magnetic technology,including the classification of nuclear magnetic technology,the information parameters,and the commonly used nuclear magnetic probes.The applications of this technology in the fields of drug polymorphism,eutectic and amorphous are reviewed.These research progresses can provide reference for applications in the fields of crystalline drugs.
The clinical application value of developing new drug-drug cocrystals is a field worth looking forward to researching. In recent years,a number of drug-drug cocrystals have been approved for listing by the drug examination centers of the United States and China,which makes the research on drug-drug cocrystals become a hot issue in the field of drug crystal form research,and drug-drug cocrystals has become a new idea of multi-target drug development.Sacubitril can form cocrystals with a variety of sartan drugs at the molecular level. Furthurmore,the development of the preparation methods,structural characteristics and of metabolism is reviewed.In this paper,the mechanism of action,structural characteristics,and preparation methods of sacubitril-sartans cocrystals were reviewed.
The immunosuppressant tacrolimus has played a crucial role in the treatment of heart,liver,kidney and lung transplantation.It is the first choice of immunosuppressive drugs for organ recipients in the early stage after organ transportation,which has contributed significantly to improve the survival rate of organ transplant patients.However,the narrow therapeutic window of tacrolimus,the great inter-individual and intra-individual variation of blood drug concentration,and many influencing factors of blood drug concentration bring great challenges to clinical medication.This paper summarizes the effects of population biology,time and the type of the transplanted organ transplantation,gene polymorphisms and drug combination,food and drug dosage form on blood concentration of tacrolimus.Population biological factors are related to gene polymorphism,CYP3A4,CYP3A5 gene and drug combination is the main factor of tacrolimus blood concentrations,which provide reference for the detection and dose adjustments of tacrolimus in clinical organ transplant patients.
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus,which is characterized by acute onset and strong infectivity.However,western medicine treatment has limitations.The clinical application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of influenza has been more extensive,and it has certain advantages in the field of influenza prevention and treatment.As the core of traditional Chinese medicine compound,the study of herb pair is helpful to clarify the compatibility mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and exert the best effect of Chinese medicine.Therefore,six pairs of commonly used herb pair are summarized,such as honeysuckle-forsythia,ephedra-licorice,ephedra-gypsum,agastache rugosus - pinelliae rhizoma,ginseng - monkshood,radix adenophorae - ophiopogon root.This paper discusses the efficacy and pharmacological research of herb pair expounds the application of herb pair in different syndromes of influenza,in order to provide reference for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of influenza in the future.
Objective Using data mining technology,this paper studies the rule of using Zhuru in Wang Mengying's treatment of febrile diseases. Methods The high-frequency drugs in Wang Mengying Medical Cases and Wang Mengying Medical Encyclopedia were counted,and Excel (Office 2010) and SPSS Modeler18.0 were used to analyze the association rules of the data. Results Wang Mengying's high frequency medicine for the treatment of fever was most closely related to Zhuru,Xuanfuhua,Gualou,Xuanshen,Baiwei,Shichangpu,Huangqin and Jinyinhua.In the herb pair,it was most closely related to Tianhuafen and Zhimu, Huanglian and Banxia. If the phlegm and heat form a stagnation, Pipaye,Xuanfuhua, “Xiaoxianxiong soup” and “Erchen soup” were used to clear heat and dissolve phlegm and whipping gas;If heat produces heat toxin, Huangqin,Jinyinhua, Qingwen baidu decoction and Huanglian Jiedu decoction were used to clear heat,dissolve phlegm and detoxify. If phlegm and heat were both serious,Huanglian, Banxia,Wendan decoction and Xuegeng decoction were used to clear heat, resolve phlegm and nourish stomach.If the heat into the blood,then add Xuanshen,Baiwei,Qingying decoction and Xijiaodihuang decoction to clear heat,cool blood and dissolve phlegm.If the body fluid has been injured,then add Zhimu,Tianhuafen,Shashen Maidong decoction and Zhuye Shigao decoction to clear heat,dissolve phlegm and generate fluid. Conclusion Zhuru has the function of clearing away heat,eliminating phlegm,eliminating irritability and stopping vomiting.It is a high-frequency drug used by Wang Mengying to treat febrile diseases.It is often used to treat febrile diseases related to the pathogenesis of phlegm and heat with remarkable curative effect.
Objective To establish the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of Zhuang medicine Stahlianthus involucratus (King ex Bak.) Craib,and to determine the contents of protocatechuic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Methods The Phenomenex Kinetex XB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used,and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 220 nm,the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min-1,the column temperature was 35 ℃,and the injection volume was 15 μL.Using curdione as reference,HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Stahlianthus involucratus were established.Similarity analysis,hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA)were used to evaluate the quality difference between batches of Stahlianthus involucratus.The contents of protocatechuic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehydein in 10 batches of Stahlianthus involucratus samples were determined by the same method. Results There were 16 common peaks in the 10 batches of Stahlianthus involucratus samples,and the similarity was more than 0.9.The samples were classified into three types according to CA.Three principal component factors were selected,and the cumulative contribution rate was 93.875%.Protocatechuic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed a good linearity within the determined ranges (2.36-16.52,2.12-14.84,and 1.49-10.43 μg·mL-1),and the average recovery was 101.50%,101.54%,and 100.67%;RSD was 1.85%,1.81%,and 1.54%,respectively.The contents of protocatechuic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde in 10 batches of Stahlianthus involucratus ranged from 0.332 1-1.464 2,0.475 7-1.345 0 and 0.330 6-1.046 5 mg·g-1,respectively. Conclusion The method is stable and reliable,which can be used for quality control of Stahlianthus involucratus.
Objective To observe the effects of different processing methods and storage time on the contents of ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rucoside in Rubus chingii Hu,and to evaluate their reasonableness for Rubus chingii Hu quality control. Methods The extraction methods of the test solutions were compared and suitable detection wavelengths and elution gradients were selected so that ellagic acid and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in the samples could achieve baseline separation from the impurity peaks and present a better peak shape.An content determination method was used to determine the content of two indicator components in Rubus chingii Hu samples with different processing methods and storage times,and to investigate the factors and causes of the influence of the indicator components. Results The test sample was extracted simultaneously from both components by sonication with 70% methanol for 75 min and eluted in a gradient.The ellagic acid content of Rubus chingii Hu dried directly under the sun without fixation can reach 2.2 to 3.6 times that of the fixation sample.The RSD of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside content obtained from the six processing methods was 7.8%,with little overall variation.There are significant changes in ellagic acid content of Rubus chingii Hu obtained from different processing methods stored for 3 months compared to month 0.The ellagic acid content of direct sun-dried samples increased by 2.75 times in month 3 samples compared to month 0 samples.Directly dried samples rose 3.10 times.The steam fixation with sun dried sample rose 2.48 times.The kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside content changed,with the direct sun-dried sample containing 75.62% of the 0 month content after 3 months of storage.The direct drying sample was 82.23%.The steam fixation with sun dried sample was 85.39%. Conclusion The ellagic acid index is not able to fully evaluate the quality of Rubus chingii Hu herbs.Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside is more reasonable to evaluate the quality of Rubus chingii Hu.
Objective To establish the quality standard of Baijiezi San. Methods In addition to the determination of water content and total ash,microscopic identification,and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used to qualitatively identify Semen Sinapis Albae,Corydalis Rhizoma,Asari Radix et Rhizoma and Kansui Radix.Simultaneously,sinapine thiocyanate and asarinin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results The range for the water content,total ash of 12 batches were 9.9%-14.8% and 2.5%-3.7%,respectively.The tissue characteristics of each herbal material in the powder are obvious;TLC has strong specificity for identification,clear spots and good resolution;Sinapine thiocyanate and asarinin showed a good linear relationship in the linear range of 4.99-498.82 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 8) and 3.951-395.14 μg·mL-1(r=0.999 9),respectively.The average recoveries were 99.58% and 101.92%,with RSD 1.17% and 1.55%,respectively.The contents of sinapine thiocyanate,asaridin in 12 batches were 2.51 and 0.77 mg·g-1. Conclusion These methods were stable,reliable,repeatable and they could be used for quality control of Baijiezi San.
Objective To estabish a method for the determination of molecular weight and distribution of human coagulation factor Ⅷ products by high performance molecular exclusion chromatography-muti angle laser light scatter(HPSEC -MALLS),and compare the measurement results of products from different enterprises. Methods HPSEC-MALLS was used and mobile phase was selected as phosphate buffer. The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1;chromatographic column was TSK gel G3000 SWXL(7.8 mm×300 mm,5 μm);and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results Human coagulation factor Ⅷ products from different enterprises are composed of four components with molecular weights of 7.8×106,5.2×105,2.5×105and 2.0×105,respectively.Moreover,there are differences in the content of each component in different enterprises. Conclusion The method established in this paper can be used to determine the molecular weight and distribution of human coagulation factor Ⅷ.Besides,it can distinguish the products from different enterprises and provide reference for product quality control.
Objective To analyze potential adverse drug interactions (pADIs) between sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs,and to promote rational drug use. Methods Outpatient prescriptions of using sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents in combination with antibacterial drugs from January 1,2018 to December 31,2020 through rational drug software system in a hospital were surveyed and pADIs were identified and classified into categories of potential clinical outcome.The case reports of adverse reactions between sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs were collected and analyzed,from the databases of CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and PubMed. Results A total of 155 prescriptions of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs were enrolled.There were 26 prescriptions for pADIs,including 21 quinolone drugs prescriptions (19 levofloxacin prescriptions and 2 moxifloxacin prescriptions) and 6 clarithromycin prescriptions.The level of pADIs was determined by “severity”.A total of 28 reports involving 34 patients of adverse reactions caused by interaction between sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs were included.Of all the 34 patients,21 were male and 13 were female with age from 50 to 94 and the average age was 71. All cases occurred hypoglycemia.Hypoglycemia induced by between sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs mainly attackked within 5 days(n=31,91.2%). Conclusion There were pADIs between sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents and antibacterial drugs in the hospital.It is necessary for hospital to strengthen monitoring and intervention to reduce the risk of medication,especially in the elderly patients within 5 days of combination therapy.
Objective To analyze the characteristics and main problems of pediatric drugs by using regional prescription review data.To explore the current situation,the problems and difficulties of rational drug use in children,provide reference for other regions. Methods After collecting the regional prescription review data of Beijing from 2018 to 2020,we analyzed the reasonable rate and the unreasonable items of outpatient and emergency prescriptions in children's specialized hospitals.We compared the change trend of children's prescription and total prescription,looked for the main unreasonable items and unreasonable drugs in the pediatric prescription review,and analyzed the reasons for unreasonable drug use. Results Pediatric prescriptions accounted for 14.72% of the total prescriptions. A total of 74.77% of pediatric prescriptions were western medicine prescriptions.The proportion of children using traditional Chinese medicine was higher than the overall level.The reasonable rate of children's prescription in 2019 was the highest. The reasonable rate of traditional Chinese medicine prescription is lower than the overall level.Indications were the main unreasonable items of western medicine,followed by the frequency of administration.Drug overdose was the main unreasonable item of traditional Chinese medicine.The top two unreasonable items in the ranking of western medicine were both the unreasonable routes of administration.The number one problem among the top 10 drugs ranked by the rate of unreasonable item of traditional Chinese medicine was repeated medication. The reasonable rate of unreasonable drugs had been improved after standardization. Conclusion The reasonable rate of pediatric prescriptions can be effectively improved through prescription comments.The formulation of children's prescription review standards has become the core problem and difficulty of children's prescription review.More attention should be paid to the over dose medication and rational use of traditional Chinese medicine in children.
Objective To analyze the research status of polypharmacy studies in elderly patients in China in last twenty years,and to reveal the research hotspots and frontier. Methods CiteSpace 5.7.R1 was used as the research tool.With bibliometric methods such as co-word analysis,cluster analysis and burst analysis,statistically and visually analyze the literature related to polypharmacy in the elderly included in CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases.Then we drawn the relevant maps and analyzed the results. Results A total of 343 literatures were included,and the body of research on polypharmacy in elderly patients was on the stable growth followed by rapid rise. Prolific authors were mainly represented by Liu Xiaohong who published 19 papers,accounting for 5.54% of the total.Department of pharmacy and geriatrics of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were the most high-yield institution. Chinese General Practice was the journal with the most articles (21 pieces).The most frequently cited literature was the Chinese Expert Consensus on Frailty Assessment and Intervention in Elderly Patients published by Hao Qiukui and colleagues in 2017.The top three hot keywords were polypharmacy,elderly,and elderly patients;keywords with high centrality included polypharmacy,elderly,and comprehensive geriatrics assessment.Research hotspots included influencing factors,comprehensive geriatrics assessment,potential inappropriate medication and strategy. Eight clusters were formed,including chronic disease,medication therapy management,comprehensive geriatrics assessment,review,malnutrition,clinical doctor,countermeasures and protein-energy malnutrition. Retired cadres,comprehensive geriatrics assessment,intervention and diabetes were at the forefront of research. Conclusion In the last twenty years,more and more attention has been paid to the research on polypharmacy in elderly patients in Chinese journals;Peking Union Medical College Hospital is authoritative in this field;the research mainly focused on the expert consensus and strategies of polypharmacy,and corresponding empirical studies are lacking.Future concerns may focus on geriatric syndromes,potential inappropriate medication,deprescribing and other related research.
Objective To establish and investigate the application technology of electronic information system for phase Ⅰ/bioequivalency (BE) clinical trials (eTrial) in order to promote the efficiency and quality of clinical trials. Methods The electronic information management system for clinical trial was introduced to phase Ⅰ/BE clinical trials in Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.Stuff trainings and simulating exercises were organized.The system was optimized to meet with the requirements and practical experiences of phase I clinical trial site to achieve the best working condition.The eTrial system was configured and applied to the whole process of the research projects in our site. Results All of the researchers acquired the key points of system by systematically training,repeated practice and simulation.A set of electronic trial standard operating procedures (eTrial SOP) was set up to meet the requirements of our phase I clinical trial site.The system had been applied to the management and operation of the projects under research. Conclusion Introduction of the eTrial information system promoted the standardization of the whole process of the trials,improved the management efficiency of the test and ensured the authenticity and accuracy of the trial results.It plays an essential role in improving the management and research quality of clinical trials.
Objective To establish a recommendation manual for diagnosis and evaluation of common bacterial infectious diseases of respiratory system in outpatients of primary hospitals and rational use of antibacterial agents has been compiled,and to provide reference for relevant departments to formulate relevant policies. Methods Delphi method was used in this study.Firstly,literature research and expert in-depth interviews were conducted,and group meetings were held to develop the expert consultation questionnaire.Secondly,18 respiratory experts and 17 clinical pharmacists from Southwest China were invited to conduct two rounds of expert evaluation on the questionnaire.Finally,the results were evaluated by the coefficient of variation,the coefficient of coordination (the degree of dispersion),the median and the consensus rate (the degree of concentration),and the reliability of the results was judged by the positive coefficient and the degree of authority of experts. Results In the diagnosis section,the typical symptoms,signs,and auxiliary examination indexes in the expert evaluation for the diagnosis of 20 kinds of respiratory diseases are listed.In the part of drug use,the rationality of clinical drug use of seven kinds of antibacterial agents for 12 kinds of common respiratory bacterial infectious diseases in primary care outpatient institutions was judged.The enthusiasm and authority of experts are high.The coefficient of variation and variation are between 0 and 1,and the coordination coefficient fluctuates within the range of 0.5.The results are reliable. Conclusion According to the consensus of experts on each index,a recommendation manual (respiratory part)for diagnosis and evaluation of rational use of antibacterial agents for bacterial infectious diseases in primary hospitals were formed.
Objective To study the dynamic relationship between Chinese residents' health care consumption and the development of pharmaceutical industry,and to put forward policy suggestions on this basis. Methods The time series data of per capita medical consumption expenditure and pharmaceutical industry sales income from 1995 to 2017 were used to construct the vector autoregressive (VAR) model,and the impulse response function and variance decomposition were used to analyze the relationship between them. Results There was a two-way Granger causality between the per capita health care consumption expenditure and the pharmaceutical industry;the development of the pharmaceutical industry had a negative impact on the residents' health care expenditure in the early stage,but turned into a positive impact later. Conversely,the health care consumption had a negative impact on the development of the pharmaceutical industry in the short term. However, there was a significant but fluctuating positive impact in the long term. Conclusion In order to promote consumption upgrading and pharmaceutical industry adjustment,it is necessary to establish the coupling mechanism of demand and supply,stimulate the potential of residents' health care consumption,enhance the core competitiveness of pharmaceutical industry,and improve the health care consumption environment.
