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  • 01 December 2022 Volume 41 Issue 12
      

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  • CHEN Jing,LU Li,GUAN Xinlei,WU Tao,LIU Li,REN Chaoyang,SONG Hongping
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    Objective To observe the repair effect and mechanism of compound nitroglycerin gels on chronic and refractory wound healing. Methods HUVECs was treated with compound nitroglycerin gels in high glucose.CCK8、transwell and scratch assays were used to detect the effects of compound nitroglycerin gels on proliferation and migration.After full-thickness skin excision in the molding parts, the rats in the chronic wounds group have injected the hydrocortisone to make chronic wounds models;Masson staining was used to observe the changes and collagen in wound tissues.Expression of IL-1、IL-6 in serum was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the model control group, compound nitroglycerin gels treatment promoted HUVECs proliferation, migration, and scratch healing.Compound nitroglycerin gels could increase the content ratio of collagen and decrease the expression levels of IL-1、IL-6. Conclusion Compound nitroglycerin gels can promote chronic and refractory wound healing, and its mechanism may be related to promoting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, promoting collagen synthesis, reducing inflammation.
  • ZENG Youcheng,ZHOU Yanlun,CAO Guodong,LIN Liang,GUO Lichun,ZHAO Yuhan,CHENG Qinghong
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    Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of resveratrol on ferroptosis in septic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods The model of septic cardiomyopathy was prepared by cecum ligation perforation (CLP).48 healthy SD rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into sham group, model control group, resveratrol group, and Ex527 (SIRT1 inhibitor) group.In different groups, the extent of myocardial injury was observed by myocardial HE staining, LDH, and CK-MB.The changes in mitochondrial in the heart were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The ferroptosis-related signal expressions, including iron ion concentration, GSH, MDA, and ROS, were detected by kits and immunofluorescence.The SIRT1, GPX4, and FTH-1 protein expression levels of the myocardial were detected by Western botting. Results Compared with the model control group, the resveratrol group obviously improved the extent of myocardial injury, attenuated mitochondrial injury, significantly inhibited the expression of ferroptosis-related signals (P<0.05), and increased the expression levels of SIRT1, GPX4, and FTH-1 proteins (P<0.05), while pretreatment with Ex527 reversed the above changes. Conclusion Resveratrol inhibits myocardial ferroptosis and ameliorates septic cardiomyopathy through the SIRT1/GPX4 signaling pathway by a mechanism closely related to reducing ROS production and mitigating mitochondrial injury.
  • NING Wei,YANG Jinlian,ZHANG Tao
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    Objective Exploring the mechanism of emodin in improving hepatocyte lipid deposition can provide the theoretical basis for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid and palmitic acid to induce NAFLD cell models.The cells were divided into the normal control group, model control group, emodin group, and atorvastatin (positive) group.Oil red O and Nile red staining were used to analyze cell lipid accumulation.Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in cells were also measured.RT-qPCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of LXRα and ABCA1.The luciferase reporter assessed the effect of emodin on the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway.LXRα siRNA was used to investigate emodin to reduce lipid accumulation through the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway. Results Oil red O staining and Nile Red staining showed that emodin attenuated the lipid accumulation.In addition, emodin treatment decreased the TG and TC levels(P<0.05).Emodin increased LXRα and ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression.The relative fluorescence value of the LXRα-ABCA1 luciferase system was further activated by emodin(P<0.05).The effect of emodin on reducing cell lipid accumulation was significantly reduced after the knockdown of LXRα. Conclusion Emodin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in vitro. Activating the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway to promote lipid effluent may be the underlying mechanism for emodin in alleviating NAFLD.
  • WU Yafei,DIAO Wenjing,ZHOU Heming,LI Qin
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    Objective To explore the role of regorafenib on cell apoptosis and SDHD expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the effects of SDHD in HCC proliferation and the therapeutic effect of regorafenib. Methods Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of regorafenib on cell apoptosis.RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to investigate the mRNA level and protein level of SDHD after regorafenib treatment.The effects of SDHD were analyzed in proliferation, the therapeutic effect of regorafenib and the AKT signaling pathway.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the effect of MK2206 coalescing SDHD overexpression on the apoptosis rate under regorafenib treatment. Results Regorafenib induced cell apoptosis, and the expression of SDHD was increased after 24 or 48 hours of regorafenib treatment(P<0.05).SDHD overexpression inhibited cell proliferation(P<0.05) while SDHD knockdown promoted cell proliferation(P<0.05).Consistently, SDHD overexpression in alliance with MK2206 promoted the apoptosis rate under regorafenib treatment(P<0.01). Conclusion Regorafenib treatment induced cell apoptosis and promoted SDHD expression.SDHD was related to cell proliferation and regorafenib's therapeutic effect, which indicated that SDHD appeared to be a potential drug target for HCC.
  • ZHANG Weimin,HUANG Baobin
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    Objective To promote a better understanding of the development process and policy tendency requirements of government purchase of services (GPS), to provide a reference for GPS in the field of drug administration. Methods This article based on the comparative analysis of the old and new Management Measures for Government Purchase of Services, combined with the relevant policy documents issued in the reform of GPS and the situation of GPS in the drug administration system, combs and analyzes the policy tendencies and characteristics related to GPS, and put forward work suggestions for the drug administration system to promote GPS. Results China's GPS reform has been deepened, the boundaries have become more apparent, the relevant systems have been gradually improved, and the implementation management has become increasingly standardized.It is a general trend to promote GPS in the field of drug administration, and it is also facing new situations and new requirements. Conclusion It is possible to implement GPS step by step in the field of drug administration,and refine the guiding catalog of GPS by grading and classification, cultivate diversified undertaking subjects by sub procurement and subcontracting, set quota standards and performance standards precisely and finely, grasp the key and challenging issues of GPS, and steadily promote the work of GPS in the field of drug administration.
  • TENG Shiwei,LI Tianjun,YANG Hua,LU Jing,SUN Lin
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    Objective To understand the current status of the refusal of medical insurance drugs in a tertiary hospital's inpatient services, to compare the difference between medical insurance payment policy and rational basis for drug use, and to propose measures and suggestions for rational drug use and medical insurance drugs refusal control. Methods According to the limited scope of payment in the National Catalogue of Medicines for Basic Medical Insurance, Work-related Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance (2021), the scope of indications in the drug instructions and relevant domestic guidelines, combined with specific cases, detailed data on inpatient medical insurance drug refusals in a tertiary hospital from January 2020 to September 2021 were collected.SQL Server and Excel were used for descriptive statistics, and some medical records were reviewed to analyze the reasons for refusal. Results After the review, the average refusal rate of inpatient medical insurance drugs was 0.3%.The most common type of refusal was violating the scope of medical insurance limited payment.The top-ranked categories of the amount of refusal include systemic anti-infective drugs (35.95%), blood and hematopoietic drugs (15.68%), and drugs for digestive tract and metabolism (12.79%).Among the top 10 drugs in the amount of refusal, 9 drugs have a medical insurance limited payment scope smaller than the indications of drug instructions. Conclusion Hospitals should establish a "medical-insurance-medicine linkage" rational drug use supervision model for key categories, formulate separate rules for medication rationality and reimbursement compliance, and reduce the refusal rate of medical insurance drugs based on rational use.
  • ZHAO Yuhang,HUANG Rui,WANG Qingting,XU Jiatong,ZHANG Wenwen,GONG Shiwei
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    Objective To understand the current policy system to promote the accessibility of orphan drugs for rare diseases under the new medical reform and its implementation effect in China. Methods The incentive policy system for promoting the accessibility of orphan drugs in China was summarized, and the evaluation indicators of drug availability and affordability issued by the World Health Organization were used to analyze the impact of the current policy system on the accessibility of orphan drugs. Results As of 2021, the government of China has issued at least 15 incentives and preferential policies to promote the accessibility of orphan drugs in China.Since the release of China's rare disease list in 2018 to the end of 2021, the proportion of rare diseases that can be treated with drugs in China has increased by 41.3%, and the number of therapeutic drugs has increased by 80.7%.Among the 167 therapeutic drugs for rare diseases on the market in China, 95.2% are procured by the provincial centralized bidding platform of public hospitals, and the national basic medical insurance drug catalog coverage rate is 73.1%.Average household catastrophic spending decreased by 8.33 times in 2021 for the 18 orphan drugs that presented catastrophic spending in 2020. Conclusion Current new medical reform incentive policies for the accessibility of orphan drugs have significantly improved the availability and affordability of orphan drugs in China.However, improving the affordability of orphan drugs remains a problematic issue in healthcare reform.
  • YANG Fang,LI Tianjun,TENG Shiwei,FENG Haihuan,LU Jing,ZHANG Dingping,SUN Lin
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    Objective To analyze the changes in outpatient medical expenses and self-funded expenses of patients with type 2 diabetes under the adjustment of the medical insurance drug catalog and the policy of centralized procurement of drugs with quantity. Methods The basic characteristics, medical expenses, and detailed data of medical insurance reimbursement of outpatient type 2 diabetes patients in a tertiary hospital in Chengdu from 2017 to 2020 were extracted.Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the changes in patients' expenses and self-funded expenses, the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to analyze the cost difference, and the multiple linear regression model was used to estimate the influencing factors of the expenses and self-funded expenses. Results The expenses and self-funded expenses of patients with different characteristics are different.For patients with complications, the total cost, total self-payment cost, and actual self-payment cost increased by 1.391 units, 1.183 units, and 1.052 units, respectively (P<0.001).For patients with obesity, the total cost and actual out-of-pocket cost increased by 1.112 units and 1.060 units, respectively (P<0.001).In September 2017, after the adjustment of the medical insurance drug list, the cost of complication drugs, oral hypoglycemic drugs, and lipid-lowering drugs increased by 20.82%, 6.66%, and 5.47%, respectively.The total cost at this stage increased by 1.051 units, and the actual out-of-pocket expenses decreased by 0.936 units (P<0.001).After the centralized collection in April 2019, the costs of lipid-lowering drugs and antihypertensive drugs were reduced by 64.1% and 54.8%, respectively, and the total cost of patients and self-paid costs were reduced by 0.011 units and 1.768 units, respectively, compared with the previous stage (P<0.001).After the negotiated drug was included in the medical insurance drug list in November 2019, the cost of insulin increased by 17.41%, the total cost increased by 0.021 units compared with the previous stage, the total cost of self-pay decreased by 0.160 units, and the actual cost of self-pay increased by 1.913 units (P<0.001). Conclusion The society should pay more attention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with complications and obesity.The list of medical insurance drugs should be adjusted, drugs with good efficacy and economic benefits should be included in the medical insurance payment first, and reasonable reimbursement restrictions should be formulated according to the clinical reality.In the later stage, if oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin, and complication drugs are included in the medical insurance catalog through negotiation, or they are included in the centralized procurement, the outpatient expenses and burden of type 2 diabetes patients are expected to be further reduced.
  • ZHENG Zehao,HU Qijun,FENG Da
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    Objective To explore the research status of drug shortages at home and abroad and compare research hotspots and frontiers, which provides references for further research. Methods Taking CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases as Chinese literature data sources, WOS Core Collection as English literature data source, based on CiteSpace5.8.R1 software, visualization analysis was performed on researches about drug shortages at home and abroad through cluster analysis, co-citation analysis, and Burst analysis, and other analysis methods. Finally, draw the relevant maps and compare the results. Results A total of 403 Chinese literature and 158 English literature were included.The number of literature published on drug shortages at home and abroad is on the rise;Fang Yu, Li Fan, and Chen Jisheng are the most prolific domestic authors, and Fox is the most prolific foreign author.School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, and the University of Utah are the most high-yield domestic and foreign institutions.The United States is at the center of drug shortages research.The research frontiers of Chinese literature are ABC classification, essential drug system, and drug storehouse management;the research frontiers of English literatures are COVID-19, safety, pandemic, and pharmacy service.Current domestic research hotspots include drug shortages under public health emergencies, drug storehouse management strategies, supply security of essential drugs, and shortages in drug procurement.Foreign research hotspots include drug shortages under public health emergencies, adverse effects of drug shortages, cancer drug shortages, and drug shortage management. Conclusion Further research in China should be combined with our national conditions, attach importance to quantitative analysis, and use economic theory to propose more complete and specific strategies to solve the problem of drug shortages effectively.
  • LI Jiajin,CUI Huanhuan,LU Jing,LI Tianjun,FENG Haihuan,SUN Lin
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    Objective To provide practical support to improve the reimbursement policy of remote medical networks by investigating the heterogeneity of reimbursement rate of inpatients in West China hospital under the settlement policy of the remote medical network, identifying important factors that influence the reimbursement ratio, and analyzing the influence of factors on the reimbursement ratio. Methods Collect various indicators of reimbursement expenses of insured patients for medical insurance networking immediate payment from January 2019 to December 2020.Analysis factors are conducted on the reimbursement proportion of insured patients according to different types of insurance, regions, and diseases.Develop a random forest model for each class to explore the relationship between reimbursement ratio and various factors.Access the influence of factors and their interactions on the reimbursement ratio based on random forest models. Results The average reimbursement rate of Chengdu city is the highest, followed by the out-of-province regions, and the in-province cities except Chengdu city are the lowest.The important factors for reimbursement ratio vary with different regions.The type of insurance in Chengdu city (provincial and ministerial level, urban workers and rural residents) have the most significant impact on the reimbursement ratio, followed by drug costs and then inspection costs;As to the in-province cities, the local policy of the insured region has the most significant impact on the reimbursement ratio, followed by the drug costs, and then the patient's age;As to the out-of-province regions,the most significant impact on the reimbursement ratio is the local policy of the insured place, followed by drug costs, and disease types.In addition, interactions between factors also affect the reimbursement ratio. Conclusion In summary, the local medical insurance policy, drug cost, age, and disease type significantly influence on the reimbursement rate of insured patients within the remote network.It is necessary to improve the medical treatment policy further and deepen the reform of medical insurance payment system.Achieve the effective control of medical expenses and reduce the disease burden of patients.
  • ZHANG Ailing,LUO Xufei,MENG Haiyang,ZHANG Jingmin,LI Na,QIN Guijun,LU Jingli,KANG Jian,CHEN Yaolong,ZHANG Xiaojian
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    Objective To evaluate and analyze the quality of clinical practice guidelines on the administration of iodinated contrast medium for diabetes patients receiving metformin to give clinicians suggestions. Methods Relevant guidelines on the risk of lactic acidosis after administration of iodinated contrast medium for diabetes patients receiving metformin were published until November 28, 2021.They were identified from PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, and websites of guidelines.Guidelines were comprehensively screened by two researchers, and evaluated based on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE)Ⅱinstrument, and data were independently extracted by four researchers. Results A total of seven guidelines were included for the quality appraisal by using the AGREEⅡinstrument.The Royal College of Radiology guidelines of Australia and New Zealand had the highest scores.Among the domains of AGREE Ⅱ, domains I (scope and purpose) and IV (clarity of presentation) scored the highest, with a minimum of domain V (applicability).Inconsistent recommendations for inclusion in guidelines for iodine contrast screening in patients with type 2 diabetes taking metformin.For patients with eGFR>60 mL·min·(1.73 m2)-1 receiving contrast medium, six guidelines clearly stated that there is no need to discontinue metformin.There are considerable differences in the recommendations of patients with eGFR of 30-60 mL·min·(1.73 m2)-1 in different guidelines.In the recommendations of patients with eGFR<30 mL·min·(1.73 m2)-1, only three guidelines provided recommendations. Conclusion There are significant differences in the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines on the recommendation of administration of iodinated contrast medium for diabetes patients receiving metformin.In addition, the quality of some guidelines needs to be improved.Therefore, future development of delirium guidelines should follow the methodology of guideline development, update, or adjustment and be dedicated to every domain, especially the domain of application.

  • GONG Jiaqi,ZHAO Jianing,WANG Yanhong,DU Junjie,LYU Guangyao,WANG Hongbo,LING Longbing
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    Nano-based drug delivery system has exhibited promising potential intumor precision medicine.However, organic or inorganic synthetic nanocarriers have several problems, such as being hard to prepare, easily recognized and eliminated by the body's immune system, thereby limiting clinical application.Inspired by natural biological systems, cell membrane-derived biomimetic drug delivery systems have aroused growing attention in recent years.With the advantages of "autologous" nature and "artificial" functional nanocarrier, these biomimetic nanoparticles can integrate their significant property of cancer target, low immunogenicity, and more prolonged blood circulation.In this paper, we summarize and discuss three aspects including the experimental methodology of cell membrane-derived nanoparticles, the construction of biomimetic nano drug delivery platforms, and their application in targeted cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy, which is based on the research progress of nanomedicine and cell membrane biomimetic technology in the field of tumor treatment.Finally, future development has prospected.

  • WANG Chunqing,JIAO Wencheng,DU Lina
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    The hypoxia environment at high altitudes has an important effect on human sleep quality.People who are new to the plateau quickly or have lived there for a long time can have sleep disorders.The plateau influence on sleep mainly includes the decrease of slow wave sleep, the destruction of sleep continuity, and some physiological indexes, such as blood oxygen saturation, respiration, and blood pressure during sleep.Besides the physical techniques to improve sleep quality, such as acupuncture and transcranial micro pulse stimulation, the preventive and therapeutic effects of drugs are very important.The review summarizes the and mechanisms of sleep disorders, the preventive and therapeutic drugs.It will provide consultancy for the efficient preventive and therapeutic effects to alleviate sleep disorders in the plateau.

  • ZHU Junfang,LI Bo,PAN Xiaoyu,YANG Yue
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    Objective To separate the alkaloids from Corydalis Tuber using the ultrafiltration technology and molecular imprinting technique. Methods The permeability of the alkaloids and the retention rate of the polymer were the indicators, and the temperature, pressure, and feed rate were investigated to determine the influence degree of each factor on the permeability and retention rate.To prepare the molecularly imprinted composite membranes (MIM) by UV-initiated polymerization and study the separation performance of Corydalis alkaloids in ultrafiltration. Results The optimized process results were as follows: the liquid temperature was 29.5 ℃, membrane pressure was 0.37 MPa, the feed rate was 419 mL·min-1, and using the ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight of 5000. Conclusion Membrane coupled molecular imprinting technique has a good effect on retaining macromolecules in Corydalis Tuber extract and increasing the content of the active ingredients.
  • MO Yiyan,SUN Jingmeng,FANG Chenchen,JIA Zhenzhen,ZHANG Xin,ZHANG Weiyu
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    Objective To prepare and optimize the formulation and preparation process of Candesartan Cilexetil mixed micelles. Methods Candesartan Cilexetil mixed micelles were prepared by membrane hydration method with pluronic P123 and F127 as carriers.The formulation and preparation process of Candesartan Cilexetil mixed micelles were optimized by single factor experiment and central composite response surface methodology with entrapment efficiency, drug loading, and sedimentation rate as indexes. Results The optimized formulation and process were as follows: The amount of pluronic P123 / F127 mixed carrier was 158.2 mg, and the mass percentage of pluronic P123 was 66.7%, the hydration temperature was 40 ℃, the volume of water phase was 8.40 mL, the rotary evaporation temperature was 45 ℃, and the amount of organic solvent was 3 mL.The critical micelle concentration of Candesartan Cilexetil mixed micelles was 0.005 9 g·(100 mL)-1, and the average particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential were (26.39 g±0.22) nm, 0.210±1.49, (-21.57±0.71) mV, and its shape was regular spherical with uniform distribution and no aggregation.The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that Candesartan Cilexetil existed in the mixed micelles in an amorphous form.P123/F127 mixed micelles can significantly improve the solubility of Candesartan Cilexetil in purified water and pH 6.8 Saturated solubility of buffer solution. Conclusion The method is simple, reasonable, and feasible.Compared with single micelle, the formulation of Candesartan Cilexetil mixed micelles was stable, and the entrapment efficiency and drug loading were high, which provided a reference for further research.
  • CHENG Huachun,WANG Wenbin,MO Jing,NIE Jing,WANG Bo
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    Objective To explore the application of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) combined with a melting curve in identifying Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera. Methods Based on the ITS2 sequence of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera, the probe was designed for MLPA reaction.The Tm value of the fluorescence fusion curve was analyzed to identify the two species.The method was applied to 31 Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera products randomly collected from the market, and the method's accuracy was verified by PCR product sequencing. Results The two pairs of probes showed good specificity and sensitivity, and only the corresponding single melting curve peak occurred in each pair.Schisandra chinensis produced a melting curve peak of 82.3 ℃, and Schisandra sphenanthera produced a melting curve peak of 80.7 ℃.Among the 31 Schisandra products, the Tm value of the melting curve of 16 products was consistent with that of Schisandra chinensis, and the other 15 products were consistent with that of Schisandra sphenanthera.The experimental results were consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion The method established in this study has strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple and convenient operation, and can quickly identify Schisandra chinensis and its mixtures.
  • LI Li,HE Beibei,HUANG Liangyong,DU Shiming
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    Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of salidroside, paeoniflorin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside and icariin in Gushen pill, to provide a basis for revising the quality standard of the preparation. Methods The analysis was performed on an OMNIBond Orca C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm), the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution in a linear gradient mode.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelengths were set at 220 nm for salidroside, 230 nm for paeoniflorin, 270 nm for icariin, and 320 nm for 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside.The column temperature was 30 ℃.The injection volume was 10 μL. Results The separation of the four components was good, and the negative control did not interfere.Salidroside, paeoniflorin, icariin, and 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 2.67-267.35, 5.76-575.95, 4.29-429.20 and 3.60-360.29 μg·mL-1 (R2≥0.999 7), respectively.The RSD of precision, repeatability, and stability (24 h) tests were less than 2.0%;The average recoveries were 101.41%, 98.47%, 101.32%, and 101.55%, respectively, and the RSD was less than 2.0%. Conclusion The HPLC method is simple, accurate, and reproducible, which can be used to simultaneously determine salidroside, paeoniflorin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside and icariin in Gushen pills.
  • SUN Lang,SHI Mingrui,XIONG Zhili
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    Objective To establish a method that can determine two non-sulfonate esters' potential genotoxic impurities in amlodipine besylate capsule by LC-MS/MS. Methods A LC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 column was used, the flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, with gradient elution while mobile phase A was 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate solution added 0.1% formic acid and mobile phase B was acetonitrile added 0.1%formic acid.The source was ESI, scanned in MRM mode. Results The good linear ranges of two potential genotoxic impurities were 4.51-45.12 ng·mL-1 (r=0.990) and 4.39-43.93 ng·mL-1 (r=1.000). The average recoveries were 102.3% and 102.6%, respectively, the RSD was 1.5% and 1.0% respectively;The above potential genetic impurities were not detected in the domestic and reference amlodipine besylate capsules by this method. Conclusion The established LC-MS/MS method is effective and reliable, and can be used to evaluate the quality control of amlodipine besylate capsules.
  • CHENG Fang,LI Qiang,WANG Jinglin,ZHANG Yu,LI Weiming,ZENG Fang
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    Objective To establish a method for determining dasatinib in human plasma with good stability, high sensitivity, and strong universality by HPLC-MS/MS. Methods Plasma samples were precipitated with methanol.High-performance liquid chromatographic separation was performed on a Luna® C18 column (2.0 mm×20 mm, 3 μm) with 0.1% formic acid in both ammonium formate buffer solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase in a gradient manner.The flow rate of 0.6 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 35 ℃.Electrospray ionization (ESI) with a positive-ion and multiple reactions monitoring mode was adopted, and the analog imatinib-D8 was used as the internal standard.The precursor ion →product ion transitions were m/z 488.2 →m/z 401.1 (dasatinib), and m/z 502.3 →m/z 394.1 for imatinib-D8. Results The linear range of dasatinib was 1-1000 ng·mL-1, and the lower limit of quantification was 1 ng·mL-1;the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 10%.The extraction recoveries of low, medium, and high concentration control samples were 97.8%,98.6%,and 94.1%.The results of clinical samples showed that there were strong individual differences in the blood concentration of Chinese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Conclusion The method has the advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, low detection limit and strong specificity.It is suitable for the determination of dasatinib in clinical.
  • ZHANG Chuan,RAN Fenglin,GU Linghan,LIU Yue,TIAN Panwen,LI Weimin
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    Objective To explore the cost-effectiveness of atezolizumab compared with docetaxel in the second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), to provide an economic evaluation basis for the use of atezolizumab in the treatment of NSCLC from the perspective of Chinese clinic. Methods Based on the OAK clinical trial, the Markov model was established from the perspective of Chinese healthcare.The model included three health states of progression-free survival, progress in disease and death.Outputs were total cost, quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), and incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER).Single factor sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis were carried out to explore the uncertainty of parameters. Results In the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC, atezolizumab was more expensive but more effective than docetaxel.The ICER is 406 990.57 yuan / QALY.Compared with the willingness-to-pay threshold (212 676 yuan/QALY), atezolizumab was not cost-effective.The results of sensitivity analysis show that the price of atezolizumab, the price of third-line nivolumab, the utility value after progress, discount value, and the utility value without progress are the key factors affecting the results;When the price of atezolizumab is reduced to 26 674 yuan, it may have cost-effectiveness. Conclusion From the perspective of Chinese healthcare, atezolizumab has no cost-effectiveness advantage compared with docetaxel in second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC.
  • LIN Dantong,LI Ben,LIU Tonglin,XIONG Peng,HUANG Hao,YUAN Yi,CHEN Ping,FU Lina,CHEN Yu
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    Objective The distribution characteristics and drug resistance of bacteria in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) were analyzed to provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics. Methods The results of microbial culture in the pediatric intensive care unit of a Grade-A tertiary hospital from January 1, 2013, to December 31,2021, and the distribution characteristics and drug resistance of the common pathogens were statistically analyzed. Results 1284 strains of bacteria were isolated in 9 years.There were 385 Gram-positive bacteria (30.0%), of which Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common.There were 899 Gram-negative bacteria (70.0%), of which Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, and Haemophilus influenzae were most common.The analysis of the drug resistances of bacteria: Klebsiella's ESBLs strain ratio was 55.9%.And the drug resistance rates of penicillin and cephalosporin were more than 40%, and the drug resistance rates for meropenem and imipenem were 41.0% and 39.7%.The ratio of Escherichia coli's ESBLs strains was 57.3%, and its resistance rates to penicillin and cephalosporin containing β-lactamase inhibitors were low.The overall drug resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii were high, and its drug resistance rate of carbapenems was 57.2%.The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cotrimoxazole and minocycline were 95.1% and 67.9%.The ratio of Haemophilus influenzae's ESBLs strains was 53.8%, and a high resistance to cotrimoxazole (61.2%) and ampicillin (55.6%).The ratio of MRSA was 42.1%, and its drug resistance rate to penicillin-G reached 90.0%.The drug resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were 96.3% and 95.4%. Conclusion The situation of bacterial resistance in the PICU is severe, so it is necessary to monitor the distribution and resistance of bacteria in the PICU.Early rational use of antibiotics is of great significance according to the data of bacteria and resistance information, and timely downgrading adjustment according to the changes of disease condition is also an important means to reduce bacterial resistance.
  • ZHAN Mei,ZHENG Hanrui,LU Jing
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    Objective To establish the pharmaceutical pathway of PD-1 inhibitor for esophageal cancer-based evidence. Methods Search the guidelines of esophageal cancer by Chinese,American, and European societies of clinical oncology, and sort out the PD-1 inhibitors recommended by guidelines.If the guidelines recommend more than one PD-1 inhibitor for the treatment of the same population, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) framework was used to evaluate the value of PD-1 inhibitors, the pharmacoeconomic research was collected by literature search based on the efficacy, safety and economy of drugs, a pharmaceutical pathway was preliminarily established. Results The guidelines recommended that pembrolizumab, nivolumab and camrelizumab could be used in the second-line treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The highest value score is camrelizumab.Pharmacoeconomic studies show that compared with chemotherapy, only camrelizumab is cost-effective in the second-line treatment of esophageal cancer. Conclusion Camrelizumab is the most cost-effective for the second-line treatment of advanced esophageal cancer, so it is the preferred treatment in the pharmaceutical path.
  • HUANG Yiyi, WU Jing, LI Ling, YANG Rui
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    Objective To analyze the pharmaceutical care of rituximab in treating a child with NMDAR antibody encephalitis by clinical pharmacists and to provide a practical reference for others. Methods To carry out pharmaceutical care for a child with NMDAR antibody encephalitis who failed to improve after first-line immunotherapy, clinical pharmacists combined the illness with drug treatment to determine the main points of the pharmaceutical care and gave pharmaceutical suggestions on the selection of rituximab, dosage, administration, drug interaction, adverse reactions.Meanwhile, clinical pharmacists provided directions on using the medicine and discharge education with regular follow-up guidance to the patient and the patient's families. Results Cooperating with a clinician, clinical pharmacists carried out the pharmaceutical care, and the child got better and was discharged.Follow-up results showed that the patient was in good condition. Conclusion The pharmacist gave individualized pharmaceutical care in the effectiveness and safety of rituximab, demonstrating the value of clinical pharmacists.
  • ZHANG Jiao,HUANG Yaqun,BAI Gali,CAO Mingxue,YU Zhiying,WEN Ruiting,FENG Yufei
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    Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary edema induced by ritodrine. Methods One case of ritodrine-induced pulmonary edema in our hospital was reported.By searching PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases, relevant literatures on ritodrine-induced pulmonary edema were screened and analyzed. Results Among the 25 cases of pulmonary edema induced by ritodrine collected through the database and our reported case, pulmonary edema occurred at different ages, from 18 to 46 years old.Except for two cases, the other patients had no-cardiopulmonary diseases.Pulmonary edema mainly occurred when ritodrine was administered intravenously (88.00%), most of which occurred within 96 h after administration.Except for one case who died, the other patient's symptoms were relieved after treatment.Also, 3 of the 29 perinatal infants died. Conclusion The adverse reaction of pulmonary edema caused by ritodrine can seriously affect maternal and fetal health.In clinical application, close monitoring and early identification should be carried out, especially beware of high-risk factors of pulmonary edema such as multiple pregnancies, intravenous administration, and combined administration of drugs.