Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of schisandrin A (SA) on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress injury in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Methods HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into five groups: blank control group,model control group (treated with 600 μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂ for 2 h),low-dose SA group (0.125 μmol·L^-1 SA,24 h pretreatment + H₂O₂),medium-dose SA group (0.5 μmol·L^-1 SA,24 h pretreatment + H₂O₂),high-dose SA group (0.75 μmol·L^-1 SA,24 h pretreatment + H₂O₂). The cell survival was assessed by CCK-8 assay; apoptosis level was tested by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining; cell cycle distribution was detected by propidium iodide staining; oxidative markers (ROS,SOD,MDA,GSH,LDH) was determined with commercial kits; and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax,Bcl-2, Caspase-3,Cytochrome C) was evaluated by Western blot. Results Compared with the blank control,the model group reduced in cell viability and increased in apoptosis (P<0.01),elevated in the ratio of G₀/G₁-phase cells and decreased in S-phase cells (P<0.05),decreased in SOD activity and GSH content (P<0.01),and increased in the levels of ROS,LDH,and MDA levels (P<0.01). In all SA dose,cell apoptosis reduced (P<0.01). In medium/high dose groups,the G₀/G₁-phase arrest reduced (P<0.05). In high dose group,the S-phase cells ratio increased (P<0.05). And in medium/high dose groups,ROS (P<0.01) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The SOD activity increased non-significantly in all SA groups. In SA medium/high dose groups,the LDH activity decreased in a dose-dependent manner.In all SA groups,GSH increased (P<0.01) and MDA decreased,both in a dose-dependent manner. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio significantly decreased (P<0.05) in all SA groups. The caspase-3 activity decreased in medium/high dose group (P<0.05); and Cytochrome C reduced in all SA groups (P<0.05).Conclusion SA protects HK-2 cells against H₂O₂-induced oxidative injury by modulating oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis,and ameliorating cell cycle arrest.

Objective To establish the content determination method of Zhihuoding granules (ZHDG) by the anti-inflammatory active ingredients and fingerprint.Methods The inflammatory model of BEAS-2B cells was established by LPS (10 μg·mL^-1) stimulation for 24 h,and the level of TNF-α in the supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Using the reverse high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of 7 batch ZHDG fingerprint;HPLC was used to determine the content of geniposide and baicalin in granules.Results Compared with LPS Group,ZHDG,prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,5-O-methylvisammioside,baicalin,geniposide,and total polysaccharide extract all significantly decreased TNF-α levels in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS (P<0.05).Fingerprint spectra of 7 batches of ZHDG were established,with a similarity of 1.000 to the reference.A total of 15 peaks were calibrated,and 7 chromatographic peaks were identified.Gardenin and baicalin were selected as the index components of ZHDG for evaluation.The established method was rapid and accurate.Conclusion The method for the determination of baicalin and geniposide in ZHDG are exclusive,accurate, and effective,providing reference for the quality control and clinical application of ZHDG.

Objective To develop an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of nirmatrelvir concentration in mouse plasma.Methods The ACQUITY UPLC system was used in tandem with an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.The analytical column was Waters BEH C₁₈ (2.1 mm×5.0 mm,1.7 μm) column,and the mobile phases consisted of water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and methanol (containing 0.1% formic acid) under gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1.The column temperature was set at 40 ℃,and the injection volume was 5 μL.Electrospray ionization was used as ion source, and positive multiple reaction monitoring mode was adopted to quantitatively analyze the ionization pairs m/z 500.3→110.3 (nirmatrelvir) and m/z 237.3→193.3 (carbamazepine).Carbamazepine was employed as an internal standard.Results The linear range of nirmatrelvir was from 10 ng·mL^-1 to 2 560 ng·mL^-1.For the quality control nirmatrelvir samples,the accuracies of intra- and inter-batch were less than ±15%,and the precisions of intra- and inter-batch were lower than 15%.Nirmatrelvir in plasma was stable at room temperature for 24 h and remained stable after three freeze-thaw cycles.The extracted nirmatrelvir solution could be stored at 4℃ for 3 d without any visible change.Conclusion The method was characterized by good specificity,high sensitivity,and appropriate linear range.The methodological validation was in accordance with the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and could be applied to the quantitative detection of nirmatrelvir in plasma.

To provide an in-depth interpretation of the background and rationale behind the development of the standard for plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops as outlined in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (referred as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia),to facilitate stakeholders thorough understanding of the standard content,and to offer a strong support for its subsequent smooth implementation.Starting from the background of standard construction,an in-depth exploration was conducted into the quality control requirements for plastic bottle systems and components used for eye drops,and a detailed analysis was provided of the logic and rationale behind the establishment of quality control items.Related parties should develop product quality standards based on the general requirements of the guidelines for plastic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging,taking into account the specific characteristics and practical application scenarios of plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops.The standard for plastic bottle systems and components for eye drops in the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia are more scientific and flexible,which will help improve the quality of eye drop products in our country while also promoting innovation and development in the eye drop packaging industry.

Oral liquid pharmaceutical plastic bottles and components are widely used in related preparation packaging.This article elaborates on the rationale behind the development of the guidelines and the framework of the standards, while discussing critical quality control considerations for these containers based on their practical applications.Compared with existing national standards for pharmaceutical packaging materials, the newly established guidelines demonstrate broader applicability and more comprehensive quality control requirements for oral liquid pharmaceutical plastic bottles and components, fully addressing the packaging needs of such products and thereby enhancing the overall regulatory oversight of pharmaceutical packaging materials in China.

Plastic pharmaceutical packaging materials are widely used in drug packaging, and the effective quality control of these materials is of great significance for ensuring the quality of drugs.The Guidelines for Plastic Materials and Containers for Pharmaceutical Packaging in the 2025 Edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the guideline) is based on the characteristics of plastic pharmaceutical packaging materials and combined with the different uses of various products, clarifying the quality control requirements for different categories of products.The guideline not only improves the pharmacopoeia standard system, but also meets the needs of industrial development and drug regulation under the new situation, which is conducive to enterprises to better improve product quality.This article explains the main contents of the guideline in combination with the background, process, and ideas of its drafting, so as to provide guidance for the correct understanding and use of this standard by all parties in the industry.

Objective To formulate the drug packaging material method standards in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (referred to as the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"),to develop the method for the determination of extractable tungsten for prefilled syringes, and to interpret the content of the method to provide guidance and help for its subsequent implementation.Methods The formulation process of "Determination of Extractable Tungsten for Prefilled Syringes" was described.Combining the current domestic and foreign relevant standards,the extraction conditions of samples were explored and verified,and the determination methods of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) were verified.Results A method was established for extracting tungsten from glass prefilled syringes utilizing water and 0.01 mol·L^-1 sodium hydroxide solution as extraction media, respectively, at 75 ℃ through ultrasound.The dissolution amount of tungsten was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Among them,the extraction using 0.01 mol·L^-1 sodium hydroxide solution as the extraction medium is a stricter and acceptable alternative approach.Conclusion According to the quality control requirements of products,corporations can choose the appropriate extraction medium according to the method in this standard for the determination of tungsten dissolution in the prefilled syringes.

This article combined the current status of the industry and standards for pharmaceutical composite films and bags, and summarized the relevant content of the guiding principles for the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2025 Edition) on pharmaceutical composite films and bags.It analyzed the production requirements, usage requirements, key quality attributes, and control requirements improvement details, providing reference for assisting relevant parties to understand and use the pharmacopoeia guiding principles, and helping to improve the quality control level of the industry.

To promote the understanding of the requirements of sheet for oral solid preparation in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2025 edition) and improve the quality control level of related parties in production and use,the key quality control items specified in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China and the testing points were analyzed and discussed combined with the current situation of sheet for oral solid preparation industry and relevant standards at home and abroad.Suggestion was given that quality control should be carried out according to product characteristics, application,production process,and risk assessment,and reasonable limits should be set.

Objective To formulate the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China of prefilled syringe silicone oil determination method,and to interpret the method content.Methods The prefilled syringe was added silicone solvent ethyl acetate to the roll edge of the sleeve and let it stand for extraction for 5 minutes,then put the silicon solvent in the evaporating dish dried at 105 ℃ to constant weight,then add 1mL ethyl acetate into the sleeve for rinsing and placing in the same evaporating dish,and then dry in a water bath at 105℃ to constant weight.The content of silicone oil in the sleeve of the prefilled syringe was calculated according to the quality difference.Results The reliability of the experimental method was verified by the ultimate extraction test,standard recovery test, and precision investigation.The results showed that the ultimate extraction could be achieved after 5 minutes of extraction with ethyl acetate.The recovery rate of the method was 100.0%-101.6%,and the precision was 3.5%.Conclusion The formulation of the determination method refers to the measurement method of silicone oil content in relevant standards at home and abroad,combined with the problems existing in the measurement of silicone oil content in daily tests,to further improve the operability of the detection method,the method is simple,efficient,feasible and reliable.

To further interpret the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China for plastic composite tube system and components for external ointment, and to provide help for the understanding and implementation of the standard, this article gave an in-depth interpretation of the standard from three aspects: industry status, domestic and foreign standards, and the relevant requirements of the 2025 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Specific toxic substances and raw material requirements were discussed.The standard adheres to the concept of source control and whole life cycle risk management, and provided a comprehensive basis and guidance for enterprises from the aspects of production, use, and category key quality attributes, from raw material selection, process optimization, to product quality control.The standard effectively controls product risks and key quality attributes, while taking into account product diversity and innovation requirements, reflected the unity of effective risk control and flexibility, and played a positive role in promoting product safety and industry innovation and development.

The Blow-Fill-Seal (BFS) technology is a highly automated aseptic manufacturing process that significantly reduces contamination risks by integrating container blowing, filling, and sealing operations.First, this article introduced the core technical features of BFS equipment and its advantages in aseptic production, followed by a comparative analysis of regulatory requirements for BFS technology across different jurisdictions.Finally, in light of pharmaceutical industry trends, it explored the future development prospects of BFS technology in intelligent manufacturing and high-barrier material applications, while examining its potential value in personalized medicine and specialized drug production.

This article analyzes the development and current status of clinical pathways (CPs) in the United States,the European Union,and Japan.CPs are standardized treatment models based on medical evidence and guidelines,aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes,reduce costs,ensure treatment consistency,enhance medical service efficiency,and increase patient satisfaction.The United States has promoted CPs since 1985,driving their development through legislation and professional associations to improve service quality and reduce medical expenditures.The European Union supports the development and evaluation of CPs through the European Pathway Association,emphasizing the improvement of patient treatment outcomes.Japan uses CPs as a tool to improve the quality of medical services,with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration.All three have shown positive effects of CPs in improving medical service efficiency and reducing costs.However,they also face challenges such as overemphasis on cost control,lack of transparency,and physician cooperation.China can draw on these experiences to promote the development of CPs and enhance the quality and efficiency of medical services.

The drug therapy pathway is an important part of the clinical pathway,aiming to enhance the efficiency and quality of healthcare services,optimize the allocation of healthcare resources,enhance patients' adherence to treatment,reduce the rate of medical errors,and ultimately improve patients' treatment outcomes through clear steps of drug therapy.The drug therapy pathway in the United States emphasizes multidisciplinary teamwork,and pharmacists play a key role in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;the drug therapy pathway in the United Kingdom is jointly formulated by the National Health Service of the United Kingdom and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence of the United Kingdom,and pharmacists provide professional advice in the formulation and implementation of the pathway;and the management of the drug therapy pathway in Japan is the responsibility of the Japan Clinical Pathway Society,and pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of the pathway.Pharmacists play an important role in the promotion and implementation of pathways.This article analyzes the experiences and models of the United States,the United Kingdom,and Japan in the development of drug therapy pathways,to provide a reference for the development of drug therapy pathways in China.

Objective To analyze the development and implementation of nutritional drug treatment pathways abroad,and to provide insights for the establishment of similar pathways in China.Methods A search was conducted in international literature and guideline databases for studies on nutritional therapy pathways up until December 1st,2024.The search focused on aspects such as pathway development methods,the composition of development teams,and implementation outcomes.Results A total of 29 relevant articles were identified,including 12 clinical practice guidelines and 17 research papers.The guidelines were all issued by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,while the research papers showed significant heterogeneity,spanning multiple countries,regions,and medical conditions,primarily from developed countries in Europe and North America.The analysis reveals that nutritional therapy pathways typically include components such as nutritional assessment,formulation of nutritional plans,integration with other drug therapies,development of follow-up plans,pathway implementation teams,and the reassessment and updating of pathways.Conclusions China can benefit from the practices of developed countries,particularly those in Europe and North America.Key recommendations include the establishment of multidisciplinary teams,the promotion of a tiered treatment model,and the involvement of medical associations in forming expert groups to develop and implement nutritional drug treatment pathways,thereby enhancing the quality of nutritional treatment in China.

Objective To analyze the literature on drug treatment pathways to sort out the development process,and to present the research status,hotspots,and trends.Methods Researches on drug treatment pathways were retrieved from the WoSCC,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Chinese Journal Database from the time of database establishment to October 31 2024.The CiteSpace 6.3.R1 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 were used to generate visual maps,including publications,countries,journals,institutions,authors,and keywords.Results A total of 150 papers were included,45 in Chinese and 105 in English.The number of Chinese and English research publications has increased significantly in the past five years.The United States has the largest number of publications in this field.There is relatively little cooperation among domestic research groups,but international cooperation is closer.In Chinese journals,research topics in this field mainly focus on the whole process from formulation to implementation of drug treatment pathways.Perioperative drug use,chronic drug use,and adjuvant drug use are research hotspots.In recent years,attention to clinical pharmacists and evidence-based pharmacy has increased.English journals mainly focus on cancer treatment-related research,with current research focusing on patient experience and social benefits.Conclusion Research in the field of drug treatment pathways in English journals is developing rapidly,but no core journal area has been formed specifically in this area.At present,the research on drug treatment pathways in Chinese journals is in its initial stage and is advancing rapidly,but the overall number is still relatively small,the research content and diseases involved are limited,and the research system is not perfect.Chinese researchers should pay attention to the research hotspot,broaden the research topic and further improve the quantity and quality of the research in this field.

Objective To develop and validate an evaluation criteria for the clinical utilization of belimumab and to provide a reference for the rationally clinical use of belimumab.Methods Based on the drug instructions of belimumab,reference for rational clinical guidelines,and expert consensus,the drug utilization evaluation criteria for belimumab were established.A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess the rational use of belimumab in inpatients at a hospital in Yunnan Province from January 2021 to June 2024.Results A total of 1 809 medical records were included,involving 213 patients.The rationality rate of belimumab use was 72.5%,with 1 311 cases fully meeting the evaluation criteria.Non-compliance was primarily attributed to medication frequency (15.0%),dosage (9.8%),medication monitoring (4.3%),and efficacy evaluation (3.3%).Conclusions There is a need to enhance the management of dosage,medication monitoring,and efficacy evaluation to further standardize the rational use of belimumab in clinical practice.The drug utilization evaluation criteria established for belimumab are feasible and provide a reference for guiding its rational clinical application.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a breakthrough treatment for various malignancies.However,its major adverse effect,cytokine release syndrome (CRS),remains a critical limitation to its widespread application.The pathophysiological mechanisms of CRS are complex,involving abnormal activation and interactions of multiple immune cells and cytokines,often leading to systemic inflammatory responses and multi-organ damage.In recent years,research on CRS mechanisms has deepened,uncovering key immune pathways involved in its pathogenesis and providing a foundation for developing novel intervention strategies.This article systematically reviews the concept of CRS,its pathological mechanisms,and the latest advances in therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment,aiming to provide a scientific basis for improving the safety of CAR-T therapies and optimizing clinical strategies for managing CRS.

Plant-derived bioactive peptides have become a research hotspot in the fields of food and medicine due to their high source safety,easy absorption and utilization by the human body,and potential edible and medicinal value.Bioactive peptides can be classified into antihypertensive,hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,anticancer,antioxidant,antimicrobial,and anti-inflammatory peptides according to their functions.Among these,antihypertensive,hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic peptides are collectively referred to as cardiovascular active peptides,which can be used for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases and have an important role in the development of modern biomedicine.This review focused on the preparation methods,separation,purification,and identification techniques of bioactive peptides,as well as their mechanisms of action and applications in regulating cardiovascular diseases,aiming to provide a reference for further development and application of plant-derived cardiovascular peptides.

In recent years,there has been a gradual increase in the number of common diseases among children in China,especially younger children.Children are a unique population with distinct differences from adults,such as indications,dosage,accessories,and other characteristics,when it comes to using medication.Long-acting injections,in comparison to regular injections used for long-term treatment in children,can reduce sudden drug side effects and significantly decrease injection frequency.This greatly improves compliance among child patients and enhances clinical outcomes.Long-acting injections offer significant advantages for managing diseases in children.This paper reviews the progress made in basic research on long-acting injectable formulations for children based on interactions between drugs and materials.Additionally,potential future development directions are discussed to guide further advancements in long-acting injections specifically designed for children's needs.

Objective To establish an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for the analysis of 29 mineral elements in Artemisiae Argyi Folium (AAF),and to develop a model for judging the origin of AAF based on the elemental fingerprint combined with chemometrics.Methods The variance method was used to compare the contents of 29 mineral elements in AAF samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province,respectively.The discriminant models of AAF from different habitats were established by discriminant analysis,PLS-DA and PCA-Logistic regression algorithms.Results The differences of the 22 elements (V,Cr,Ni,As,Se,Rb,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba,Hg,Pb,K,Li,B,Mg,Al,P,Ca,Fe,Zn,and Ga)in samples from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province and Henan province are extremely significant(P<0.01).The discriminant analysis model showed that eight kinds of element variables (P,Cr,K,Li,Hg,Ba,Mg,and Mo),which have a significant effect on the origin discrimination are gradually introduced into the discriminant model,and the correct rate of back test is 100%.The correct rate of "leave one method" cross-validation is 96.7%.The PLS-DA model showed good prediction ability,and the variable importance projection values of K,P and Mg elements were greater than one,which could be used as the difference marker of AAF from different habitats.The accuracy of the origin discrimination model constructed by PCA- Logistic regression analysis was 100%. The elements with high first principal component loadings were Li,B,Mg,Al,P,K,Ca,V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Zn,As,Rb,Cd,Sb,and Ba.Conclusion This study shows that elemental fingerprint technology combined with chemometric analysis can identify AAF from Qichun of Hubei province,Hebei province,or Henan,providing technical support for the traceability of the origin of Artemisia argyi.

Objective To investigate the impact of pharmaceutical services provided by clinical pharmacists on rational drug use and cost control in hepatobiliary surgery under the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) payment model,aming to provide evidence for improving the rationality of drug therapy and saving medical costs.Methods Patients classified under DRGs disease codes HB15,HB13,and HB11 from November 2022 to April 2024 were selected as study subjects.A total of 195 patients were included,with 106 in the intervention group and 89 in the control group.The intervention group received multidimensional clinical pharmaceutical services in addition to the standard care provided to the control group.The rational drug use rate,medication costs,total hospitalization expenses,and length of hospital stay were observed between the two groups.A cost-benefit analysis was employed to evaluate the economic impact of providing pharmaceutical services to hepatobiliary surgical patients.The cost indicator was the clinical pharmacy services cost,and the benefit indicators were the reductions in total hospitalization expenses and medication costs.The benefit-cost ratio (B/C) was calculated,and sensitivity analysis was performed.Results The intervention group showed significantly higher rational use rates of prophylactic antimicrobial agents (drug selection:83.96% vs. 46.07%,P<0.01; treatment duration:84.91% vs. 56.18%,P<0.01) and parenteral nutrition drugs (97.17% vs. 73.03%,P<0.01) compared to the control group.Additionally,the intervention group had significantly reduced the length of hospital stay,total hospitalization expenses,medication costs,and insurance over-expenditure compared to the control group (P<0.05).Furthermore,clinical pharmacist intervention led to a reduction in medication costs by 4 320.05 (2 555.00,5 088.25) yuan (CNY) and total hospitalization expenses by 8 891.12 (5 135.05,10 074.03) yuan (CNY).The B/C ratios were 14.24 (8.42,16.77) and 29.30 (16.92,33.20),respectively,indicating economic efficiency.Sensitivity analysis supported these results.Conclusion Under the DRGs payment model,clinical pharmaceutical services guided by drug therapy pathways contribute to improving rational drug use in hepatobiliary surgery and provide clear economic benefits,playing a positive role in reducing medical costs.

Objective To develop and implement a drug treatment pathway for the initial treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and to provide a foundation for refined medication use and cost control management under the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) payment system.Methods Clinical pharmacists collaborated to develop a drug treatment pathway for the initial treatment of DLBCL, utilizing evidence-based medicine and evidence-based pharmacy principles.The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle method was employed for administrative intervention.The hematology department served as a pilot unit to assess the impact on economic indicators, including inpatient costs, drug expenses, and DRG payment balance, as well as treatment efficacy and the incidence of adverse reactions.Results Compared to the control group, the RG13 intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in average total hospitalization costs and drug expenses, along with a decreased DRG payment balance deficits. All differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The development and implementation of a drug treatment pathway for the initial treatment of DLBCL can effectively reduce treatment costs, prevent DRG overspending, and alleviate the economic burden on patients, while ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

Objective To provide ideas and reference for the anti-infective drug treatment and pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of a patient with brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis.According to the patient's medical history,clinical symptoms,and test results,clinical pharmacists refer to the guidelines assisted physician to formulate the anti-infection treatment scheme of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(SMZ-TMP)combined with imipenem/cilastatin and amikacin,and the pharmaceutical care.The dosage of amikacin was adjusted through therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM),and promptly identified adverse reactions such as myelosuppression caused by linezolid and SMZ-TMP.Results The physician adopted the pharmacist's suggestion,and the patient was discharged after treatment.Conclusion The anti-infection regimen for brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis depends on the drug sensitivity data of Nocardia,the severity of infection,the immune state of the host,and the PK/PD characteristics and adverse reactions of antibiotics.By participating in the pharmaceutical care of brain abscess caused by Nocardia brasiliensis,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in optimizing drug treatment plans,ensuring the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.

A patient with anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis complicated by hepatic dysfunction developed rhabdomyolysis after an intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine for magnetic resonance imaging.Analysis of clinical manifestations and medication correlation confirmed gadopentetate dimeglumineinduced rhabdomyolysis.Gadopentetate dimeglumine can cause rhabdomyolysis in dermatomyositis patients.Clinical conditions should be closely monitored when using gadopentetate dimeglumine to guard against adverse reactions.

Objective To understand the influencing factors of information adoption intention of short videos on pharmaceutical science popularization,in order to provide theoretical guidance for improving the efficiency of users' adoption and utilization of pharmaceutical science popularization information and carrying forward the publicity of pharmaceutical science popularization.Methods Based on the United Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology,this paper combines the Information Adoption Model and Perceived Risk Theory to construct a research model from three dimensions: subject,object,and environment.The data was collected through online questionnaires.The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to validate the research hypotheses and analyze the influence paths of the factors.Results A total of 443 valid questionnaires were collected.The R² of performance expectancy and information adoption intention are 0.358 and 0.545,respectively,which means the model has good analytical power.Information quality (β=0.478,P<0.01) and source credibility (β=0.162,P<0.01) have a positive effect on performance expectancy.Performance expectancy (β=0.336,P<0.01),effort expectancy (β=0.139,P<0.01),facilitating condition(β=0.261,P<0.01),and social influence(β=0.158,P<0.01) have a positive effect on information adoption intention.Perceived risk (β=-0.006,P>0.05) has no effect on information adoption intention.Conclusion The study found that the information quality and source credibility of short videos on pharmaceutical science popularization together positively affect users' performance expectancy,which indirectly affects information adoption intention.Performance expectancy,effort expectancy,facilitating condition,and social influence all have significant positive effects on information adoption intention.Perceived risk does not have a significant effect on information adoption intention.

Objective To analyze the policy texts related to pediatric medications in China over the past decade,to explore the deficiencies in existing policy formulation from the perspective of stakeholders,and to propose reasonable optimization suggestions based on the current situation.Methods Collecting national-level policies related to pediatric drugs in China from 2013 to 2023,a two-dimensional policy analysis framework of "Policy tools - Stakeholder" were established.And the content analysis method was used to code,categorize,and statistically analyze the policy texts.Results A total of 54 pediatric drug policies were included in the analysis.In terms of policy tools,a total of 197 policy codes were formed,with environmental tools being the most prevalent with 92 codes (46.70%),primarily consisting of regulatory management tools (28 codes,30.43%).This was followed by supply-oriented tools with 53 codes (26.90%),mainly focused on the issuance of technical guidelines (21 codes,39.62%).Demand-oriented tools accounted for the least with 52 codes (26.40%),with inter-departmental collaboration tools having the highest proportion (17 codes,32.69%).In the dimension of stakeholders,a total of 223 policy codes were formed,with the government having the highest number of codes at 133 (59.64%),followed by medical institutions with 56 codes (25.11%).The proportions for medical personnel,pharmaceutical companies,and patients were similar,with 14 codes (6.28%),11 codes (4.93%),and 9 codes (4.04%),respectively.Conclusions Pediatric drugs face challenges with policy tools where supply-oriented tools,particularly those providing financial support,suffer from insufficient policy depth and customization.The demand-oriented tools have a low proportion,leading to structural imbalance and underutilized effectiveness;the environment-oriented tools focus more on regulation than incentives,restricting the accessibility of pediatric drugs;the potential of multiple stakeholders is not fully activated,and there is a lack of policies centered around pediatric patients.To address these issues,supply-oriented policy tools need to establish a diversified financial support model and clearly define the scope of coverage.Demand-oriented policy tools require further adjustments to the catalog,procurement upgrades,and international collaborative research to reshape the pediatric drug security system.Environmental policy tools should enhance economic support,strengthen intellectual property rights,and implement targeted education to build a development ecosystem for pediatric drugs.Regarding stakeholders,it is essential to strengthen multi-stakeholder collaboration and optimize pediatric drug policy tools with a patient-centered approach.