To standardize the provision of pharmacy practice by clinical pharmacists during patient bowel preparation, the Henan Provincial Pharmaceutical Association led the formulation of the Specification for Pharmacy Practice for the Preparation of Digestive Endoscopy. This initiative was based on national regulations and normative documents, while incorporating insights from domestic and international monographs and consensus on the preparation of digestive endoscopy. This article elaborates on the standard development process and provides an in-depth analysis of key aspects of the standard, aiming to offer guidance and reference for pharmacists in pharmaceutical care during intestinal preparation. It aimed to enhance the quality of pharmacy services and ensure the safe and effective use of medications for patients.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Longzhu ointment on a mouse acne model induced by Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) and to explore its potential mechanisms. Methods A mouse model of acne was established via intradermal injection of P. acnes combined with topical application of artificial sebum, after which Longzhu ointment was topically administered. Subsequently, the severity of acne-like skin lesions in mice was recorded. To evaluate histopathological changes, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) staining were performed on dorsal skin tissues. Moreover, the skin microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, while transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes. In addition, Western blotting and RT-qPCR were employed to examine the expression levels of key proteins and inflammation-related genes involved in relevant signaling pathways. Results Longzhu ointment significantly reduced acne lesion scores and alleviated histological skin injury (P<0.05). Transcriptomic analysis revealed 60 commonly differentially expressed genes, which were mainly enriched in the Staphylococcus aureus infection and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Furthermore, the results of 16S rRNA sequencing exhibited Longzhu ointment notably enhanced the richness and diversity of the skin microbiota and decreased the abundance of g_Staphylococcus(P<0.05). Consistently, Western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses showed that Longzhu ointment significantly suppressed the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, and phosphorylated NF-κB1 (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Longzhu ointment downregulated the mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes(P<0.05), including Mmp3, Lcn2, Nlrp3, Il1α, Il1β, Tnfα, and Cxcl1. Conclusion Longzhu ointment exerts a therapeutic effect on acne by modulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, and improving the skin microecological balance.

Objective To investigate the effects of icariin (ICA) on high glucose peritoneal dialysis solution induced peritoneal fibrosis in rats and the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad7 homolog (TGF-β1/Smad7) signaling pathway. Methods All experimental rats were randomly separated into normal control group, model control group, low-dose and high-dose icariin groups (ICA-L groups, ICA-H groups), high-dose icariin+TGF-β1 activator SRI-011381 hydrochloride group (ICA-H+SRI group), and corresponding drug treatment was given. After administration, the peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF), glucose transport (MGT), and serum oxidative stress levels in rats were detected. HE staining was applied to observe the pathological morphological of peritoneal tissue. Masson staining was applied to observe the degree of peritoneal fibrosis and peritoneal thickness. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of laminin (LN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad7. Results Compared with the normal control group, model control group increased peritoneal thickness, some of them were columnar, mesothelial cells were shed, subcutaneous stroma was loose, inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition were increased, fibrosis was obvious, MGT and MDA levels and α-SMA, LN and TGF-β1 expression were increased. The levels of UF, SOD and Smad7 were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model control group, ICA-L and ICA-H groups showed significantly decreased peritoneal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition, decreased collagen fiber deposition, decreased MGT, MDA levels, α-SMA, LN, TGF-β1 expression, and increased UF, SOD and Smad7 expression (P<0.05). Compared with ICA-H group, The ICA-H+SRI group showed a pathological increase in peritoneal tissue weight, peritoneal thickening, Inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition increased, the levels of MGT and MDA, and the expression of α-SMA, LN, and TGF-β1 were elevated, the levels of UF, SOD, and the expression of Smad7 were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion ICA can improve peritoneal fibrosis induced by high glucose peritoneal dialysis solution in rats, the mechanism of which is related to the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad7 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of pancreatic lipid metabolism of Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) on insulin resistance (IR) and hypoxia in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Methods A total of 54 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and high fat group. The normal control group and the high-fat group were fed the normal diet for 13 weeks, and the serum IR index and HIF-2α content of rats were detected to establish the IR with hypoxia model. The model rats were randomly divided into model control group, positive drug group (rosiglitazone 5 mg·kg^-1) and GQD high and low dose group (14.86, 1.65 g·kg^-1). The model rats continued to be fed high-fat diet, while the normal control group was fed ordinary diet, and were given continuous gavage for 16 weeks. After administration, fasting insulin levels (FINS) were detected by radioimmunoassay, HIF-2α was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of pancreas. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to collect pancreatic lipid metabolism data, and principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to analyze the lipid metabolism of rat pancreatic tissue samples, and the markers of pancreatic metabolic difference were identified. Metabolic pathway analysis of potential biomarkers was performed using the Metabo Analyst 5.0 online website.The protein expressions of iPLA2 and CerS6 in pancreatic tissue were detected by Western blotting.Results ① Compared with model control group, FPG, IR index and HIF-2α of GQD high-dose and low-dose groups were significantly decreased,and the protein expressions of iPLA2 and CerS6 were also decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and irregular morphology of pancreatic islets of positive group and Gegen Qinlian decoction high-dose and low-dose groups were improved. ② The results of pancreatic metabolomics showed that there were 24 potential biomarkers in the model group, of which 3 biomarkers significantly increased and 21 biomarkers significantly decreased. GQD intervention could make the above biomarkers reverse. The 24 potential biomarkers of pancreatic lipids mainly regulate 7 metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchored biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Conclusion The intervention of GQD on IR with anoxia in obese type 2 diabetes may improve the lipid metabolism disorders by regulating the contents of phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids and steroid hormones in pancreas and their metabolic pathways.

Obesity among children and adolescents is a global chronic disease, and its treatment strategies have undergone important changes in recent years. While lifestyle modifications remain the cornerstone of first-line treatment, clinical experience demonstrates that behavioral interventions alone often yield insufficient and unsustainable weight loss. Metabolic surgery, though effective, is limited by its invasiveness in pediatric populations. Over the past three years, landmark clinical trials have established anti-obesity medications (AOMs) as a viable therapeutic bridge between lifestyle interventions and surgery. At present, the evidence base mainly comes from the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of liraglutide, semaglutide, phentermine/topiramate, orlistat and the clinical treatment data of new therapeutic drugs such as setmelanotide and metformin. In light of these advances, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued its first clinical practice guideline in 2023, recommending AOMs for adolescents aged 12 and older with obesity. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of RCT in children and adolescents against obesity in recent years. While expecting AOMs to become the standard treatment in pediatrics, this paper also discussed the key evidence, future development direction and challenges of AOMs in clinical application, in order to provide comprehensive decision-making reference for drug treatment of obesity in children and adolescents.

Modern medical treatments for obesity primarily focus on symptomatic approaches like pharmacotherapy and surgery, which often cause adverse reactions, side effects, and a high recurrence rate. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) interventions, guided by the principles of holism and syndrome differentiation, deliver personalized treatments based on clinical patterns. Through multi-component and multi-target regulation, TCM offers proven efficacy with minimal side effects, demonstrating unique advantages. TCM treatment protocols for obesity have been established in the Obesity Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines (2024 Edition),expert Consensus on TCM Diagnosis and Treatment of Obesity, and Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Consensus for Obesity Based on Clinical Practice (2021 Edition). These guidelines recommend herbal formulas such as Shenling Baizhu San, Xiaoyao San, Peilian Mahuang Tang, and Maren Wan for obesity management. From the perspective of TCM pattern differentiation involving the spleen, stomach, liver, and kidney. This review summarizes clinical applications of the recommended formulas based on Chinese literature published between 2003 and 2025, aiming to provide references for clinical formula selection and medication.

Objective To explore the application effect of a trinity management model of “psychology-nutrition-exercise” based on the active health concept in weight management, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for constructing an efficient and sustainable weight management system.Methods A total of 26 patients who visited the ‘Weight Loss Clinic’ of the department of health management medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Nanchang University from January 2024 to February 2025 were enrolled. These patients were divided into control group (n=12, using conventional weight management mode) and test group (n=14, using the trinity management model of “psychology-nutrition-exercise” including psychological intervention, personalized nutritional guidance, and scientific exercise prescription), and weight loss interventions were carried out. The improvements in obesity indicators [body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, visceral fat area], metabolic indicators (blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, liver and renal functions), and psychological indicators (HAD anxiety and depression scale scores) were compared between the two groups after 3 months of intervention.Results After intervention, the improvements in body mass, BMI, body fat percentage, and visceral fat area in the test group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Systolic/diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were improved to varying degrees. The improvement in the depression dimension score of the HAD scale in the test group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05), while no statistical difference was found in the anxiety dimension (P>0.05).Conclusion The trinity management model of “psychology-nutrition-exercise” based on the active health concept can effectively improve the effect of weight management, ameliorate participants' physiological indicators and mental health status, enhance patients' adherence to lifestyle modifications, and has clinical promotion value.

Objective To understand and grasp the quality status of national drug sampling inspection in 2023 and identify potential drug quality risks. Methods Guided by problem-oriented approach and targeting risk prevention and control, this study reviewed the historical data of national drug sampling inspections, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the overall drug quality status from the 2023 national drug sampling, and focused on mining and analyzing main quality problems and risks. Results The average pass rate of the sampling inspection in 2023 was 99.3%. The overall safety situation of China's post-marketing drug quality was stable and controllable, and drug quality was at a high level. Conclusion By conducting exploratory studies on key attributes such as drug authenticity, safety, and effectiveness, the national drug inspection work not only achieves a systematic evaluation of drug quality status but also plays a crucial role in improving drug quality control levels and industry standards, deterring illegal and irregular activities, enhancing regulatory efficiency, and supporting scientific decision-making.

Objective Based on national drug sampling and testing, this study systematically analyzed the quality of oxytocin injection to provide references and suggestions for quality control and standard improvement. Methods A total of 162 batches of samples were tested in accordance with statutory standards. Moreover, based on the problems found in the test,exploratory research was carried out, including analysis of related substances, polymers and content, with particular attention to the quality differences between consistency-evaluated samples and those not subjected to consistency evaluation. Results According to the statutory standard test,the qualified rate of 162 batches of samples was 100.0%. However, deficiencies were identified in the pharmacopoeial standards, including the absence of critical quality control items, such as related substances and polymers. Exploratory studies revealed that samples compliant with the consistency evaluation generally demonstrated satisfactory control over impurities and polymers, with the exception of a single marketing authorization holder's samples exhibited marginally elevated levels of non-specified impurity and polymers, likely attributable to raw material source variability. Additionally, dimer assessment alone only under related substances was insufficient to fully characterize polymer content. Comparative analysis showed that consistency-evaluated samples often demonstrated lower impurity and polymer levels than those not subjected to consistency evaluation. Conclusions Samples compliant with the consistency evaluation demonstrate superior quality attributes compared to not subjected to consistency evaluation, with more robust quality control systems established in respective registration standards. Marketing authorization holder should enhance the quality control of raw material and prioritize high-quality solid-phase synthesized raw materials, while concurrently advancing enhance control over degradation impurities and polymers.

Objective Based on the sampling test of national drugs, the quality of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)was systematically evaluated, and the crucial factors of its quality were clarified to provide scientific basis for improving quality standards and regulatory strategies. Methods Twelve batches of samples were tested by using ChP2020. The exploratory studies on the correlation between quality characteristics and degradation behavior were conducted based on the results of the legal tests, literature review, and research results. Results According to the statutory the inspection results, the sample qualification rate was 100% except for the intrinsic viscosity and water. The exploratory studies have shown that an increase in the length of ethyl ester block in the PLGA molecular chain, an increase in the residual amount of glycolic acid/lactic acid monomers, or exposure to heat, high humidity, and acidic/alkaline environments can accelerate polymer chain breakage, leading to a significant decrease in weight-average molecular weight and drug burst release. Conclusions The overall quality of the PLGA is good. The quality standards need to be improved. It is recommended that companies should pay attention to the temperature and humidity conditions for packaging, storage, and transportation.

Objective Through the national drug sampling and testing of Buzhong Yiqi concentrated pills, this study comprehensively investigated and evaluated the nationwide quality status of the product, systematically assessed its quality, and analyzed existing issues to provide references and recommendations for quality control of this formulation. Methods Based on standard testing results and the key characteristics of the prescription components, in-depth research was conducted focusing on drug authenticity, safety, and efficacy. A comprehensive analysis of the current quality status of Buzhong Yiqi concentrated pills was performed through targeted analytical approaches. Results The compliance rate of Buzhong Yiqi concentrated pills with official standard testing was 100%. Exploratory studies identified potential issues in some batches, such as poor quality or non-compliant use of raw materials, exceeding proposed limits for ochratoxin A and mercury content, and adulteration in the input materials of Angelica sinensis and Bupleuri Radix. Conclusions It is recommended to refine the quality standards for the final product to enhance controllability. Relevant manufacturers should strengthen quality control over crude drugs such as Angelica sinensis, Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhiza uralensis to ensure product safety and efficacy.

Objective This study conducts a systematic evaluation of Zhikeningsou capsules, to provide insights for improving quality control and regulatory supervision of this product. Methods A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on 120 batches of samples via the statutory tests and exploratory study. For instance, the quality of Platycodonis Radix and Stemonae Radix was evaluated by TLC method. The contents of Ephedrae Herba and Schizonepetae Herba were determined by HPLC method. UPLC method was utilized to establish the fingerprint of Zhikeningsou capsules and determine the contents of Peucedani Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and Saposhnikoviae Radix, respectively. HPLC-QTOF-MS method was applied to screen the adulterated peucedani decursivi radix. Results According to the statutory tests, the compliance rate of 120 batches of samples was 100%. However, exploratory research revealed that the content levels of Ephedrae Herba, Schizonepetae Herba, Peucedani Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, and Saposhnikoviae Radix were below the proposed limits. Fingerprint analysis indicated certain peaks were absent in some batches.Furthermore, nodakenin was identified in several samples,indicating a risk of adulteration with peucedani Decursivi Radix. Conclusion It was suggested that the statutory standards should be unified and strengthened, manufacturers should pay attention to the biological origin and quality of raw herbal materials, and optimize pharmaceutical production processes.

Objective To investigate whether renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors influence the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in hypertensive patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 175 hypertensive NSCLC patients treated with ICIs between 2018 and 2024. Patients were stratified by RAAS inhibitor use. Progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) were compared. Results Fifty-eight patients received RAAS inhibitors (16 ACEIs, 42 ARBs). RAAS inhibitor use was associated with longer PFS (P<0.001) and higher DCR and CBR (P=0.012) versus non-use. ARB therapy predicted improved PFS, whereas ACEI use showed a non-significant trend. Incidence of irAEs was similar across groups. Conclusion RAAS inhibitors, particularly ARBs, enhance ICIs efficacy in hypertensive NSCLC patients without increasing immune-related toxicity, suggesting a potential synergistic therapeutic strategy.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by ovarian dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, which has a significant impact on women's health. TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in the development of PCOS. The activation of this pathway is closely related to inflammatory response and immune regulation, and is closely related to the development of PCOS. Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the intervention of PCOS, which can be regulated through multiple links, multiple pathways and multiple targets, especially the influence on TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, so as to treat PCOS in many aspects such as inflammatory response, oxidative stress, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, intestinal flora disorder and so on. Current research on how traditional Chinese medicine treat PCOS by regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is not comprehensive. This paper aims to review the current status of traditional Chinese medicine regulation of this signaling pathway treating PCOS through the analysis and summary of relevant research literature in recent years, and to provide new directions and ideas for further research on PCOS.

Danggui Shaoyao San(DSS), originally documented in Jin Gui Yao Lue, has expanded its therapeutic scope from “various abdominal pains in women” to encompass diseases of the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. Recent studies have demonstrated its significant potential in urinary system disorders due to its multi-component, multi-target regulatory properties. This study establishes a comprehensive research framework for DSS in treating urinary system diseases based on the "clinical efficacy-pharmacological study-signaling pathway" model. Pharmacological investigations reveal that active constituents of DSS, such as paeoniflorin and ligustrazine, modulate signaling pathways including NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, exerting synergistic anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects. Additionally, DSS regulates aquaporin-2, inhibits the TGF-β/Smad pathway, and remodels the gut microbiota-metabolism axis, achieving multi-target intervention. Clinical studies encompassing diabetic nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis, and urolithiasis have confirmed that DSS significantly reduces urinary protein, improves renal function, and alleviates edema. These findings transcend the traditional gynecological application framework, further advancing the clinical utility and modern research of DSS.

Objective To analyze the content difference of amygdalin between bitter almond, blazing bitter almond and bitter almond skin, and the effect of blazing and mashing on the decoction rate of amygdalin, and to study the purpose of decortication of bitter almond. Methods Ten batches of bitter almonds were collected,yielding 10 batches of blazing bitter almonds and 10 batches of bitter almond skins. A high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) based sample detection method was established, HPLC was used to determine the content of amygdalin in 70 batches of bitter almond, blazing bitter almond, bitter almond skin, bitter almond decoction, blazing bitter almond decoction, mashed bitter almond decoction and mashed bitter almond decoction. Results The content of amygdalin was 44.74 mg·g^-1 in bitter almond, 38.46 mg·g^-1 in blazing bitter almond, 29.41 mg·g^-1 in bitter almond skin, 6.27 mg·g^-1 in bitter almond decoction, 13.51 mg·g^-1 in blazing bitter almond decoction, 18.61 mg·g^-1 in mashed bitter almond decoction, and 20.70 mg·g^-1 in blazing mashed bitter almond decoction. The average proportion of bitter almond skin was 5.01%; It was detected by HPLC that the content of amygdalin decreased by 14.04% (P<0.05 ), and the decoction rate of amygdalin in water decoction increased by 115.47% (P<0.05). Even in the case of mashing, the decoction rate of amygdalin after blazing was still 11.23% higher than that before blazing (P<0.05). Conclusion The content of amygdalin decreased after blazing, but increased in decoction. The blazing of bitter almond can remove the non-medicinal parts and improve the decoction rate on the premise of preserving the active ingredients.

Objective To prepare palonosetron nanosuspension slow-release injectable temperature-sensitive gel to improve the anti-emetic therapeutic effect of the drug. Methods Palonosetron nanosuspension were prepared by ball milling, and the prescription process was investigated using particle size, potential and polydisperisty index(PDI) as indicators; the nanosuspension were lyophilized into lyophilized powders by freeze-drying; the lyophilized powders were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy; the lyophilized powders were further prepared into chitosan/sodium β-glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive gels, and gelation was optimized using gelation time as an indicator, and the gel prescription was optimized via single-factor and multifactor methods; and the in vitro release degree of the gel was investigated;A rat model of xenophagy was established and the preparation was injected subcutaneously to examine the anti-vomiting therapeutic effect of the preparation. Results Palonosetron nanosuspension lyophilized powder was successfully prepared with an average particle size of (318.26±15.2) nm, PDI of (0.07±0.02), and Zeta potential of (-22.53±0.21) mV; the results of differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR spectroscopy showed that palonosetron existed in an amorphous state, and that lyophilization had no significant effect on its state. The optimal prescription of the formulation was chitosan concentration of 1.92% and sodium β-glycerophosphate concentration of 13.52%; the drug loading capacity was 4 mg·mL^-1; the gelation temperature of the gel was (32.4±1.23)°C, the gelation time was (3.18±0.16) min; the pH was (6.90±0.13); the viscosity was (2353±160) mPa·s; the cumulative percent release of this preparation reached about 60.0% in 0-10 h, and the cumulative percent release in 120 h was about 80.0%; The low kaolin intake in the administered group as compared to the model group indicated a favorable anti-vomiting effect. Conclusion Palonosetron nanohybrid-loaded slow-release injectable thermosensitive gel was successfully produced, which is simple to prepare, easy to produce industrially, safe and good with some anti-vomiting therapeutic effect, with some anti-vomiting therapeutic effect.

Objective To prepare and evaluate the shikonin flexible liposomal thermosensitive gel (SHK@FL/Gel).Methods The preparation process of shikonin flexible liposome (SHK@FL) was optimized by orthogonal design; Poloxam 407 (P407) and Poloxam 188 (P188) were further used to prepare SHK@FL/Gel and the gelation temperature and time were investigated; Transmission electron microscope was used to characterize the appearance; The pH before and after SHK@FL/Gel gelation was detected by pH measurement to investigate whether it was suitable for application on human skin; A viscosity meter was used to investigate the viscosity; Safety in vitro by hemolysis and L929 cytotoxicity; LPS activated macrophages (RAW264.7) for anti-inflammatory properties; The transdermal release of SHK@FL and SHK@FL/Gel was measured by transdermal instrument in vitro at 24 h. Results The optimal Preparation technology of SHK@FL/Gel was as follows:ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was 1:8,ratio of ethanol to water was 1:10,ratio of nimodipine to phospholipid was 1:5,ratio of P407 concentration to P188 concentration was 16:1.The average gelation temperature was 32.6 ℃,gelation time was 92.33 s,and post-gelation pH was 6.99.After storage at 4 ℃ for 7 days,no significant changes were observed for appearance,pH,and gelation temperature.SHK@FL/Gel demonstrated perfect compatibility in vitro.Compared to glycyrrhetinic acid,SHK@FL/Gel (2 μg·mL^-1) showed much better anti-inflammatory efficacy to activated RAW264.7 cells (P<0.05).The release profile in vitro followed the Higuchi equation,indicating sustained-release properties.The transdermal release amount of SHK@FL was 1.5 times higher than that of SHK@FL/Gel at 24 h (P<0.05).Conclusion The preparation method of SHK@FL/Gel is rational,quality-controllable.SHK@FL/Gel exhibits sustained-release properties,superior safety and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro.The study provides references for the development of Shikonin-based formulations and the research of thermosensitive gel-based transdermal drug delivery systems.

Objective To analyze the main areas and research hotspots in pharmaceutical services in China. Methods Taking the cases selected for the national pharmaceutical service case selection activity from 2019 to 2024 with complete core information as the research object, the service topic and related elements were used as exposure factors, and the final ranking was used as the outcome indicator. The cases in the top 10% of the annual ranking were included in the case group, those in the 10%-50% were included in the control group I, and those the bottom 50% were included in the control group II. A case-control study was conducted. The odds ratio (OR) was used to measure the strength of the association between the exposure factors and the outcome indicators. Results Currently, the main examples of pharmaceutical services in China were still focused on treatment management, including pharmaceutical care and chronic disease treatment management, accounting for 37.94%. The second was providing professional pharmaceutical scrvices to the treatment process, including prescription review, treatment decision support, prescription commentary, medication risk prevention, medication reconciliation, and pharmaceutical consultation, accounting for 28.79%. The third was the support system for pharmaceutical services, including medication supply, pharmacist training, and optimization of the pharmacist's working system, accounting for 21.96%. The fourth was focused specific medication use, including medication education, medication popularization, and medication Q&A, accounting for 11.31%. Compared with control group I, the content of pharmaceutical services focuses on treatment decision support (OR=3.33), medication risk prevention (OR=2.44), and chronic disease treatment management (OR=2.03). The service case elements involve medical community (OR=6.01), DRG/DIP payment reform (OR=3.05). The service case uses models (OR=3.25), or personalized treatment based on blood concentration monitoring or genotype testing (OR=2.03), which are more concerned and recommended by the pharmaceutical experts. Conclusion High-quality pharmaceutical services show the development characteristics of higher participation in diseases, more professional services, and more flexible time and space.

Objective To analyse the characteristics of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) related to statins, and provide references for clinical safety of drug use. Methods Case reports of statins-induced SCARs were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases up to June 2024. Data on patient demographics, drug usage, time to SCARs onset, SCARs type, clinical manifestations, interventions and outcomes were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 13 patients were included, comprising 6 males and 7 females, aged from 50 to 82 years (mean age 63.7±9.8 years). The drugs involved were atorvastatin (6 cases), rosuvastatin (4 cases), simvastatin (2 cases) and pitavastatin(1 case). SCARs occurred from 1 to 42 days (mean onset 21.5±12.8 days). Seven patients were diagnosed with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS),four with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and two with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). All patients experienced symptom relief or recovery following discontinuation of statins and treatment with glucocorticoids and antihistamines. Conclusions SCARs can be caused by a variety of statins, with atorvastatin and rosuvastatin being relatively frequently reported.The primary manifestations are DRESS and TEN. Early signs such as fever and rash within 6 weeks of medication initiation should prompt considerations of SCARs. Suspected cases should lead to immediate discontinuation of the statin and symptomatic treatment.

Objective To analyze adverse drug reactions(ADRs) associated with drug interactions of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and to provide references for safe medication use. Methods Case reports on ADRs related to EGFR-TKI drug interactions were retrieved from the CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, and PubMed databases for literature analysis. Results A total of 13 case reports involving 13 patients with ADRs associated with EGFR-TKI drug interactions were identified. Of these 13 patients,4 were male and 9 were female, with age from 35 to 79 years,and the average age was 56 years. All 13 cases of ADRs associated with drug interactions with the first generation EGFR-TKI included gefitinib(n=6),erlotinib(n=6), and icotinib(n=1). A variety of drugs interacted with EGFR-TKI, with anticoagulant drugs being the most common (n=6). Adverse reactions involved multiple organs/systems including the hematologic, nervous, urinary, hepatobiliary, skin, and appendages systems. Conclusions Clinicians and pharmacists should be aware of these clinically significant drug interactions with EGFR-TKI and avoid the combination therapy.It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and intervention to reduce and avoid the risk of medication.

Objective To provide suggestions for the correlation assessment of adverse events in the clinical trials of anti-tumor drugs by analyzing the correlation common problems in the clinical trials of our hospital. Methods A total of 986 anti-tumor drug clinical research protocols were collected in a tumor hospital, the criteria for judging the correlation between AE and drugs specified in these protocols were analyzed. Results According to the data, among 986 study protocols, 827 were domestic protocols and 159 were from foreign companies. The grading methods for correlation judgment can be roughly categorized into seven types. In domestic protocols, 70.01% adopted the five-point scale, while 16.08% used the binary scale. In contrast, only 4.4% of foreign company protocols adopted the five-point scale, whereas 46.54% used the binary scale. This indicates that the judgment standards differ between domestic and foreign protocols. Among the 291 research protocols that adverse events judged to be “possibly unrelated” to the experimental drug by researchers, the sponsor reported 32 protocols to be related to the drug to the regulatory agency. Different program shows different evaluation methods in the same dimension of relevance judgment. Conclusions The judgment of the relevance of domestic clinical trial and the judgment basis of foreign companies projects still have certain differences. At the same time, when researchers judge whether adverse events are "possibly not related" to the trial drug and whether they need to be reported, the sponsor can refer to statistical data to classify them as not related and not report them. Also, special protocols need to be developed according to the specific circumstances of their own projects in the five-divided method.

Objective To identify potential adverse drug event (ADE) signals associated with romosozumab and provide valuable insights into the clinical safety of its use. Methods OpenVigil 2.1 was used to extract romosozumab related ADE data reported by FAERS from the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2024. Potential ADE signals were detected by calculating the reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), and bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN). Results A total of 13 888 romosozumab adverse event reports were included. The proportion of female patients was significantly higher than that of male patients, and most reports involved elderly patients over 65 years of age. The results of signal mining showed that fracture, abnormal bone mineral density and fall were the most common adverse events reported, and oral diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events were strongly associated with romozomumab use. Notably, other orodental diseases detected apart from osteonecrosis of the jaw are new signals not mentioned in the drug package insert. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of close monitoring of patients for potential adverse events during romozomumab treatment. Healthcare professionals should be on high alert for oral disease, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in individuals treated with romosozumab. These detected ADE signals will inform clinical decision making, patient risk assessment, and pharmacovigilance for the safe and effective use of romosozumab in the clinic.

Objective This study aims to explore the reconstruction and optimization of the inter-warehouse transfer and acceptance process of outpatient pharmacy drugs based on digital intelligence traceability technology, and to construct a new digital intelligent management model for internal drug circulation in hospitals, with the goal of improving work efficiency and accuracy. Methods A prospective controlled study design was adopted, and the pain points in the traditional process were identified via the root cause analysis method (5Whys). A drug traceability code scanning and acceptance system was independently developed based on Python 3.12. The outpatient pharmacy of our hospital was selected as the research site, and a 4-week self-controlled before-and-after study was conducted to compare the newly developed system (traceability code method) with the traditional manual method. The effectiveness was evaluated from three dimensions: work efficiency, accuracy, and pharmacists' satisfaction. Results Root cause analysis indicated that the absence of a unique drug identifier was the root cause of the inefficiency and error-proneness of the traditional model. Compared with the traditional method, the traceability code method increased the drug acceptance efficiency by 53.12% (P<0.01). The comprehensive interception rate for errors in drug types and quantities increased from 58.28% to 87.21% (P<0.01), with a relative of 49.64%. The comprehensive satisfaction score of pharmacists also increased significantly (76.78 vs 89.05, P<0.01). Conclusion In summary, developing a drug acceptance system for inter-warehouse transfer in outpatient pharmacies based on digital intelligence traceability codes effectively improves the work efficiency and accuracy of drug acceptance and significantly enhances pharmacists' satisfaction, showing practical application and promotion value.

Objective To comprehensively investigate the global collaboration network and the layout of the latest research by mining the researches on artificial intelligence (AI) application in drug discovery. Methods To reveal the global collaboration network, mine the evolution of research topics, and on this basis, deeply explore the research focus in the field of AI drug discovery by analyzing the research papers from PubMed and Embase. Results The results suggested that the research focus in the first decade mainly focused on structure-activity relationships, and then gradually evolved into molecular docking, drug-target interaction prediction and bioinformatics. The research frontiers since 2020 mainly concentrated on protein deep generative modelling and molecular docking, molecular property prediction, drug-target interaction prediction, molecular design, scoring function and drug repurposing. Overall, there had been a gradual shift in the focus of global research from a concentration on ligand discovery to exploration of issues that might be involved in the actual clinical application of drugs, such as drug-target interactions and protein prediction. Conclusion Global research of AI driven drug discovery had gradually focused on biological issues in clinical applications, such as protein structure prediction and 3D drug target interaction.

Objective To design a hospital drug shelf optimization system based on the FP-growth algorithm optimize drug shelf layouts, reduce pharmacists’ medication retrieval distance, and enhance the scientific and intelligent management of pharmaceutical resources. Methods Prescription data from January 2023 to June 2024 were collected and processed from the Hospital Information System (HIS). The FP-growth algorithm was implemented in Python to mine frequent item sets. Optimized storage locations were assigned based on drug frequency, relevance, volume, and weight. The optimization effects were evaluated through prescription verification and a pharmacist satisfaction survey. Results After optimizing the drug storage locations, the total travel distance of pharmacists was reduced by an average of 57%. Specifically, for every 10 000 prescriptions, pharmacists' total movement distance decreased by approximately 336 215 meters, and the average movement distance per drug was reduced by about 2.2 meters. Pharmacists generally expressed satisfaction with the optimized storage layout, noting that it enhanced the convenience and efficiency of drug retrieval while effectively decreasing walking distances and the number of turns. Conclusions The FP-growth-based drug shelf optimization system demonstrated substantial practical benefits and effectiveness. This approach holds promise as an innovative tool to advance the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy practices.

Objective To analyze and explore the current situation and implementation of pharmacist inpatient examination policies, as well as their role in improving rational drug use and medical quality, providing reference and guidance for other medical institutions to carry out pharmacist inpatient examinations. Methods Provincial documents on pharmaceutical medical service pricing were systematically reviewed. The differences and similarities in the content, charging standards and requirements, and medical insurance attributes of pharmacist inpatient consultations were compared. Based on the implementation and charging data of pharmacist inpatient consultations at our hospital, their roles in enhancing medication rationality and medical quality were analyzed.Results As of November 6, 2024, 12 provinces directly under the central government in China have issued pricing project documents for pharmaceutical medical services involving inpatient consultations (clinical pharmacy fees). The regulations for pharmacist inpatient consultations in each document are basically the same, but there are differences in certain details. From February 1, 2024 to October 31, 2024, the hospital successfully completed 6 729 pharmacist inpatient consultations. The implementation of pharmacist inpatient consultations effectively reduced the average drug cost per visit in our hospital, improved the utilization rate of basic drugs and patient satisfaction, but had limited impact on the average length of hospital stay. Conclusion Pharmacist inpatient examination plays a promoting role in improving rational drug use and medical quality. In the future, the pharmacist inpatient examination model can be further explored and implemented to promote the significant development of pharmaceutical service fees.

Objective To investigate the present situation and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of management in direct-to-patient (DTP) pharmacies in Hubei Province, and propose suggestions and countermeasures for the management and supervision of DTP pharmacy. Methods DTP pharmacy in Hubei province were selected as the research objects. A combination of electronic questionnaire and field investigation were adopted to analyze and summarize the management status of DTP pharmacy. Results All surveyed DTP pharmacy established dedicated pharmaceutical service quality system, implemented stricter cold chain management for temperature-sensitive drugs compared to community pharmacies, and maintained patient's files with professional management. But they still have some disadvantages such as poor ability of professional pharmaceutical care, incompleteness of the related records. Conclusions Supervisory department should accelerate the release of unified guidelines related to pharmaceutical care in DTP pharmacy,strengthen the training of professional talents,and introduce supervisory departments to participate in the supervision and evaluation of the capabilities of pharmaceutical care.Through above,we hope DTP pharmacy can strengthen the characteristics of pharmaceutical care and realize the change of the role from a simple sale to an All-round Pharmacists.Compensate for the cost of pharmaceutical services and reflect the value of pharmaceutical care.