Nebulization therapy is a direct drug administration process that turns liquid medications into mist that can be inhaled into the lungs and respiratory tract and is an important strategy for various respiratory problems and diseases. In recent years,there has been a high prevalence of respiratory diseases in China,so the popularity of nebulization at home and at basic-level hospitals has increased significantly. Therefore, the standardized application and rational administration of nebulization therapy should be concerned seriously. Led by the Chinese Medical Association Clinical Pharmacy Branch,the updating work of the Expert Consensus on the Rational Use for Inhaled Medicines Administrated by Nebulizers (2024 Edition) was carried out jointly by Chinese Medical Education Association Pharmacy Administration Professional Committee and Clinical Rational Drug Use Professional Committee.This consensus comprehensively introduces the drug delivery characteristics,safety and effectiveness,medication indications,application process and pharmaceutical care of nebulization therapy,the selection of small-volume nebulizers,new drugs for nebulized inhalation,recommended dosing regimens for respiratory diseases,etc.It aims to offer professional guidance for all healthcare providers of standardized nebulization therapy and rational administration.

Objective To summarize the exploration and current situation of pharmaceutical service fees in China,to analyze it in conjunction with practices in foreign countries,and to provide references for further improvement of pharmaceutical service fees in China. Methods The official websites of the National Health Commissi, National Healthcare Security Administration, and their provincial braches were retrieved to summarize the changes in policies in China and the latest pharmaceutical service fees policies in each province.At the same time,databases such as CNKI,VIP,and Pubmed were searched to summarize research on pharmaceutical service fees. Results There were some studies in China on the calculation of pharmaceutical service costs and fee standards,but they mostly focused on pharmacy dispensing services,with less discussion on the technical and labor value of specific pharmaceutical services,while international research in this area was relatively abundant.Currently,eight provinces and one municipality directly under the central government have issued medical service price items related to pharmaceutical service,with differences in fee items,fee standards,medical insurance payment ratios,and monitoring and evaluation indicators. Conclusions The inclusion of pharmaceutical services in the national medical pricing system recognizes the transformation of pharmaceutical services and the value of pharmacists.However,it is still in the early stages,and there is room for improvement and enhancement.

Objective To construct and validate a risk prediction model for poor inhalation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients receiving inhaler therapy,providing a decision support tool for personalized prevention of poor inhalation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data related to COPD patients receiving inhaler therapy,forming a dataset.The dataset was randomly divided into a training set and a test set in a ratio of 4:1.Four different methods for missing value imputation,3 methods for variable feature selection,and 18 machine learning algorithms were employed to successfully construct 216 models on the training set.The monte carlo simulation method was used for resampling in the test set to validate the models,with the area under curve (AUC),accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score used to evaluate model performance.The optimal model was selected to build the poor inhalation prediction platform. Results A study involving 308 patients with COPD found that 135 (43.8%) were at risk of adverse inhalation.Using 33 predictor variables,216 risk prediction models were developed.Of these models,the ensemble learning algorithm yielded the highest average AUC of 0.844,with a standard deviation of 0.058 [ 95%CI=(0.843,0.845)].The differences in predictive performance among the 216 models were statistically significant (P<0.01).Under the ensemble learning algorithm,adherence to inhaler use(38.087 4%),inhaler satisfaction(25.680 1%),literacy(24.031 3%),number of inhalers(5.482 3%),age(4.204 5%)and number of acute exacerbations in the past year(2.184 7%)contributed most to the predictive model.The model exhibited superior performance,with an AUC of 0.869 3,an accuracy of 83.87%,a precision of 86.96%,a recall of 74.07%,and an F1 score of 0.8. Conclusion This study has developed a predictive model for poor inhalation risk in COPD inhaler therapy patients using machine learning algorithms,which exhibits strong predictive capabilities and holds potential clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the medical expense control model of rational drug use based on the China healthcare security diagnosis related groups (CHS-DRG) simulation in Beijing in 2021. Methods By analyzing the simulated operation data from January to March 2021 before the intervention,the groups with rational drug management improving potential among the top three surgical disease groups in terms of the number of cases enrolled in the surgical department were selected.Then,the targeted intervention and guidance were implemented to the selected disease groups.Finally,the analysis was obtained by comparing the changes in several key indicators such as the average drug cost,average antibacterial drug cost,average surplus and average length of stay during June to August 2021.Moreover,the differences in antimicrobial drug use intensity and hospital infection reporting of the department as a whole where the problematic groups were located were also investigated. Results Before the intervention,the otolaryngology related groups (including DD29 and DE19),urology surgery related groups (including LD19 and LJ13) could be improved in antibacterial drug use during the perioperative period.Meanwhile,the chest surgery related group (including EB19) had space to be improved in auxiliary medication.After the intervention,the five groups' average drug cost and average antibacterial drug cost in the otolaryngology and urology surgery departments are all decreased.The antibiotics use intensity is also declined in otolaryngology and urology surgery departments.The average surplus of otolaryngology and urology surgery related groups are increased,with the DE19 disease group in ENT also achieving a profit turnaround.As for the indicators related to the quality of care,there were no significant differences in the groups' average length of stay and nosocomial infection reporting of these departments. Conclusion The hospital operation based on CHS-DRG payment is both an opportunity and a challenge.The all-inclusive payment model has prompted hospitals to take the initiative in controlling costs,and the exploration of a rational medication management and cost-control model related to disease groups has begun to show results in terms of cost reductions without affecting the quality of medical care.The research can also provide a solid foundation for the CHS-DRG actual payment and sustainable development of medical insurance fund.

This article introduced the background,drafting process,and main content of the Interim Measures for the Management of Surplus Drugs in Medical Institutions of Hubei Province(referred as the Measures).It focused on explaining the definition of surplus drugs and analyzing the requirements for drug dismantling,surplus drug billing,recovery and use procedures,special fund management,and duties and responsibilities of management departments. This paper aimed to guide readers to learn the Measures, understand the Measures and implement the Measures. It would help to improve the efficiency of medical resources,ensure medication safety,reduce patients' medication burden,and promote the rational use of medical insurance funds.

Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate patients' willingness to pay for pharmacy services and its influencing factors by reviewing and analyzing the literature related to pharmacy services. Methods Relevant studies were identified by searching the CNKI database,Wanfang database,Sinomed,PubMed,and Web of Science from January 2010 to December 2023.Literature in both English and Chinese that elicited patient willingness to pay for pharmacy services was included.An analysis was carried out according to the year of publication,country,methodology,patient willingness to pay,and its influencing factors. Results 24 studies were retrieved,and the average willingness to pay ranged from $1 to $20.Patient willingness to pay for pharmacy services is influenced by various factors.Higher willingness to pay for pharmacy services is associated with higher income and education levels and lower out-of-pocket spending. Conclusions It is generally found that patients' willingness to pay is generally influenced by their income level,educational background,and medical insurance.We suggest that pharmacy services should be promoted and integrated into medical insurance coverage,and pharmacists' competency should be enhanced to accelerate the high-quality development of pharmacy services.

Objective To investigate the current status and awareness of pharmaceutical services in hospitals in Guizhou province and to provide a reference for exploring and carrying out pharmaceutical service fees. Methods The questionnaire was designed by the “wjx.cn” website.Three kinds of questionnaires were designed for pharmacists,doctors,nurses,and patients as the research objects,with corresponding differences in some questions,and promoted on WeChat,Dingxiangyuan,and other network platforms. Results A total of 655 questionnaires were collected,and 639 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 97.56%.324 pharmacists(50.70%),82 doctors and nurses(12.83%),233 patients(36.46%) were surveyed.The average approval score of these three groups of respondents on pharmaceutical service fees was 4.67,4.23,and 4.22,respectively(full score:5). Conclusions Overall,pharmacists' professional services have received support from medical staff and patients.However,patients' pharmaceutical service projects currently focus on dispensing services.The recognition of pharmacists' work and the public's awareness of pharmaceutical services can be improved by enhancing the professional ability of pharmacists,strengthening publicity and guidance,and exploring "Internet + pharmaceutical services",etc.,to promote the sustainable development of pharmaceutical services.

Objective To provide a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing the value of clinical pharmacy services, and to offer guidance for improving and optimizing the provision of clinical pharmacy services. Methods The World Health Organization (WHO) handbook for guideline development were used for the research design of the evaluation system guidelines. The Delphi method was used to identify clinical questions. The secretariat conducted systematic searches and collected existing evidence for the identified questions. Systematic reviews and evidence grading were performed,and evidence summaries were created. Based on the analysis report from the secretariat,the writing group developed specific guidelines. The Australian Joanna Briggs Evidence Level System, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation (GRADE) system recommended by the World Health Organization in 2004 were used to grade the quality of evidence for this guideline. Consensus on recommendations and evidence grading was reached through a Delphi process. Finally,the practice Guidelines for the Value Evaluation of Clinical Pharmacy Services (First Edition) were established. Results More than 100 experts participated in the voting process by the Delphi method,and 23 value indicators for assessing the value of clinical pharmacy were included in the guidelines. The included indicators were searched and relevant systematic reviews,meta-analyses,network meta-analyses,and original studies were identified following the PICO principle. The Guideline Development Committee reviewed each search strategy. Consensus was reached on the definition and content of the included indicators,and 20 recommendations for the value assessment of clinical pharmacy were determined. Conclusion This guideline provides a set of indicators for measuring the quality and effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services,which is of great significance for improving the quality of clinical pharmacy services.

Objective To analyze the achievement of target vancomycin concentration and the risk factors affecting the concentration to reach the target,providing a reference for the rational use of vancomycin and the implementation of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Methods Patients who were hospitalized and received vancomycin TDM from January 2016 to June 2019 at Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University were selected.Clinical data,vancomycin blood concentrations,and occurrences of acute kidney injury (AKI) during the hospitalization were collected.Factors affecting the attainment of target vancomycin concentrations were analyzed using logistic regression and grouped according to whether the target concentrations were attained.The correlation between drug concentration and the occurrence of AKI was analyzed. Results A total of 1 106 patients were included,with 70.7% being males and a median age of 60.0 (IQR=20) years.Surgical departments accounted for 76.4% of the distribution.The median duration of vancomycin therapy was 10.8 d (IQR=9.0).A total of 21.6% of patients had their first concentration monitored before administration of doses 4 and 5.The drug concentration monitoring results of 46.8% (518/1 106) of patients were in the range between 10-20 μg·mL^-1,reaching the target concentration range.The incidence of vancomycin-associated AKI was 25.9%.The incidence of AKI varied among patients with different vancomycin concentrations:when the concentrations are <10,10-<15,15-20,and >20 μg·mL^-1,the AKI rates are 15.8%,20.5%,25.8%,and 39.4%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that target concentrations were more likely to be reached with a dosing course of >7-14 d (OR=1.688,P=0.001) and >14 d (OR=1.744,P=0.002) than with a dosing course of ≤7 d. Patients receiving conventional daily doses were more likely to achieve target concentrations than those receiving the non-conventional daily dose (OR=1.540,P=0.003). Conclusion The current status of vancomycin TDM in China still suffers from deficiencies,such as delayed timing of monitoring and low rate of target concentration attainment.Higher vancomycin concentrations are significantly associated with AKI,and the factors affecting the vancomycin concentration to reach the target mainly include treatment duration and the complexity of the dosing regimen.

Objective To assess the pharmacokinetic characteristics of two types of tofacitinib citrate tablets in healthy individuals and evaluate their bioequivalence and safety. Methods A randomized,two-period,self-crossing design was used with 36 subjects in two groups in both fasting and postprandial conditions.Each group received 5 mg tofacatile citrate tablets of either generic tofacitinib citrate tablets (T) or the reference product (R) per period,and the plasma concentration of tofacatile tablets was detected by LC-MS/MS.Phoenix WinNonlin software was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate its bioequivalence. Results After single oral administration of test and reference preparations,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:C_max values in fasting group were (57.54±13.95) and (59.17±12.31) ng·mL^-1,respectively;AUC_0-t values were (143.83±34.58) and (142.13±33.00) ng·h·mL^-1,respectively;AUC_0-∞ values were (147.39±35.27) and (146.15±34.64) ng·h·mL^-1,respectively;t_max was 0.5 h for both;C_max values in the postprandial group were (57.16±17.56) and (55.19±21.98) ng·mL^-1;AUC_0-t values were (165.47±41.63) and (162.04±41.84) ng·h·mL^-1;AUC_0-∞ values were (171.88±44.15) and (168.05±44.21) ng·h·mL^-1;The t _max was 1.0 h for both.The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of C_max,AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞ in fasting group and postprandial group were 96.35% (90.11%-103.03%) and 105.91% (95.20%-117.83%),101.02% (98.76%-103.34%) and 102.23% (99.67%-104.86%),100.77% (98.53%-103.06%) and 102.40% (99.81%-105.06%),all within the range of 80.00%-125.00%. Conclusion Both types of generic tofacitinib citrate tablets are bioequivalent and safe in Chinese healthy individuals.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of clobazam tablet in Chinese healthy subjects and evaluate the bioequivalence of test preparation (T) and reference preparation (R) under fasting or fed conditions. Methods A randomized,open-label,single-dose,two-period,two-way crossover bioequivalence trial was performed.34 healthy subjects were enrolled in fasting study and 30 in fed study.Each subjects received a single dose of T 20 mg or R 20 mg with a washout period of 28 days.Plasma concentrations of clobazam and its active metabolite,N-desmethylclobazam were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The pharmacokinetic parameters of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam were calculated by non-compartment model.Geometric mean values for the T/R ratios of clobazam's main pharmacokinetic parameters and their corresponding 90 percent confidence intervals (CI) were evaluated to assess bioequivalence of the two preparations. Results In fasting study,the 90 percent CI of the geometric mean values for the T/R ratios were 94.46 to 103.82 percent for C_max,99.64 to 103.62 percent for AUC_0-t and 99.39 to 103.51 percent for AUC_0-∞,respectively.In fed study,the 90 percent CI of the geometric mean values for the T/R ratios of were 93.86 to 106.02 percent for C_max,100.37 to 104.51 percent for AUC_0-t and 100.71 to 104.63 percent for AUC_0-∞,respectively. Conclusion In this study,the 90 percent CI of the geometric mean values of C_max,AUC_0-t and AUC_0-∞ for T/R ratios were all within the acceptable bioequivalence limits of 80 to 125 percent for clobazam.Therefore two formulations were considered bioequivalent.

To define the concept of digital-intelligent pharmacy from three aspects:digital technology,digital intelligence,and data intelligence.By sorting out the development process of hospital pharmacy from informatization to digitalization and then to intelligence in recent years,and combining with the practical experience of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in the field of digital pharmacy,this paper discussed the meaning of digital pharmacy and provided new ideas and new assistance for the transformation of hospital pharmacy.Digital pharmacy refers to pharmacists with digital intelligence,who apply digital technology to hospital pharmacy scenarios,combining their own pharmaceutical knowledge,to obtain and produce data intelligence,and realize the digital transformation of hospital pharmacy.Digital pharmacy has become an emerging interdisciplinary subject in hospital pharmacy,which can promote the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy in the future and is a new productive force in hospital pharmacy.

Objective A simple,specific and rapid LC-MS/MS method was established to determine flumatinib and its two major metabolites in human plasma for clinical therapeutic drug monitoring. Methods The determination was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm) with mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile and 10 mmol·L^-1 ammonium formate (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.5 mL·min^-1.The elution time was 6 min.The temperature of the column was 38 ℃.The ion source was electrospray ion source and the scanning mode was multiple reaction monitoring scanning in positive ion mode. Results The mass concentrations of flumatinib and its metabolites (flumatinib M1 and flumatinib M3) have a good linear relationship within the concentration range investigated.The precision and stability of the method are good.The precision is less than 15%,and the relative deviation is within±15%.The extraction recoveries of flumatinib and its metabolites approach nearly 100%. Conclusion The method is simple and sensitive,and can accurately determine the plasma concentration of flumatinib and its metabolites,providing a basis for clinical rational drug use.

Objective To develop an accurate,rapid and sensitive flow cytometry method for the determination of anti-mesenchymal stem cell antibody in cynomolgus monkey serum. Methods After the solutions of mesenchymal stem cell were centrifuged and washed,and the suspension was taken,positive controls or actual samples were added and incubated with mesenchymal stem cell,then were incubated with protein L-PE solution.After the removal of the free protein L-PE,the mean fluorescence intensity of the PE was detected by flow cytometry. Results The method sensitivity is 115.54 ng·mL^-1,far higher than the non-clinical research recommended sensitivity of 250-500 ng·mL^-1.The precision of intra-assay and inter-assay were less than 20%.Assay cut points,low positive control concentration determination,sensitivity,precision and stability were validated in this study. Conclusion The method is proved to be sensitive,specific,rapid and suitable for the determination of anti-mesenchymal stem cell antibody in monkey serum and immunogenicity study.

Originally used as an antimalarial drug,hydroxychloroquine is now widely used in the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases due to its cost-effectiveness,safety,and efficacy.In addition to its immunomodulatory effects,hydroxychloroquine also exhibits antithrombotic,anti-hypolipidemic,and anti-hypoglycemic properties.Hydroxychloroquine blood levels are correlated with clinical outcomes and adverse reactions,and can reflect patient compliance.However,due to the complex pharmacokinetic profile of hydroxychloroquine,significant inter-individual differences in blood concentration exist even with the administration of the same dosage.This study investigates the factors affecting the blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in terms of physiological factors,pathological factors,metabolic enzyme gene polymorphisms,and drug-related factors.The aim is to provide a reference for rational clinical use and the development of individualized dosing.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of seven vitamin Bs (VBs) in rat plasma. Methods The plasma samples were pretreated using the protein precipitation method.The chromatographic separation was achieved using an Agilent ZORBAX SB-Aq column (2.1 mm×150 mm,3.5 μm),with a mobile phase composed of 0.01% formic acid (A) and methanol (B) in a gradient elution mode.The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL·min^-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃.Mass spectrometric detection was performed using positive ion mode in multiple reaction monitoring.2,4,5,6-Deuteronicotinamide was used as the internal standard. Results Methodological validation results showed that the lowest limits of quantitation (LOQs) for the seven VBs ranged from 7.5 to 300 ng/mL,while the highest LOQs ranged from 1 000 to 20 000 ng·mL^-1.Within a certain concentration range,all compounds showed a good linearity (r²>0.992 2).The accuracies ranged from 86.0% to 117.6%,and both intra- and inter-batch precision were less than 20%.Additionally,all analytes demonstrated extraction recoveries greater than 86.1%.No significant matrix effects were observed,and the stability was good.The established validation method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics study of single intragastric administration of VB solution in SD rats. Conclusion The analytical method established in this study is simple,rapid,sensitive,and exclusive for the simultaneous determination of VB in real plasma samples.This LC-MS/MS method provides a new analytical tool for further exploring the physiological and pathological effects of VB.

Objective To develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS /MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of dolutegravir,raltegravir,efavirenz,lamivudine and tenofovir in human plasma and to apply it to the therapeutic monitoring. Methods Dolutegravir-D5,raltegravir-D4,efavirenz-D5,lamivudine-¹³C-¹⁵N₂and tenofovir-D7 were used as internal standard,respectively.All samples were extracted using the protein precipitation method with acetonitrile and then diluted for analysis.Chromatographic separation was performed on Shim-pack XR-ODS Ⅲ(2.0 mm×50 mm,1.6 μm)column.Mobile phases A and B consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile respectively.A programmed mobile phase gradient was used at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min^-1and column temperature of 40 ℃.The tandem mass spectrometer was equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes.After methodological validation,it can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV patients. Results There was good linearity in the validated concentration ranges of 62.5-3 000 ng·mL^-1for dolutegravir,10-500 ng·mL^-1for raltegravir,125-6 000 ng·mL^-1for efavirenz,10-500 ng·mL^-1for lamivudine and 10-500 ng·mL^-1for tenofovir with the linear correlation coeffificients of determination(R²) of all higher than 0.998.The accuracy of both intra-day and inter-day studies ranged from 94.0%-109.3%,and the relative standard deviations were less than 7%.The IS-normalized matrix factor and extraction recoveries of all analytes were 95.7%-106.0%and 98.7%-104.5%at all concentrations.All analytes were stable in plasma at a certain storage environment.The trough blood concentrations of dolutegravir,efavirenz,lamivudine and tenofovir were 107.7-2 366.0,740.0-3 410.0,38.5-1 229.3,31.6-224.4ng·mL^-1in HIV patients,respectively. Conclusion The method is highly aceurate,easy to perform,low-cost,and suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of dolutegravir,raltegravir,efavirenz,lamivudine and tenofovir in HIV patients.

Objective The metabolites of tolvaptan in rats were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-exactive orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UFLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS),and the possible metabolic pathways of tolvaptan in rats were discussed. Methods Plasma,urine and fecal samples from rats were collected after a single oral administration of 60 mg·kg^-1 tolvaptan solid dispersion solution.The protein in the samples was precipitated with acetonitrile.UFLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS technology was adopted for the sample analysis and the data were processed by Xcalibur 2.0 software. Results According to the retention time,precise relative molecular mass,characteristic fragment ions and related literature reports of each compound,35 metabolites were identified in rat biological samples.Moreover,23,26 and 30 metabolites in the plasma,urine and feces were identified,respectively.The major metabolic pathways of tolvaptan were identified as hydroxylation,carboxylation,hydrolysis,dehydrogenation,glucuronidation and acetylation. Conclusion Our study confirmed the major metabolites of tolvaptan in rats,enriched the metabolite spectrum of tolvaptan in vivo,and provided an experimental basis for the in-depth study of the pharmacodynamic substance basis of tolvaptan.

Objective To investigate the current awareness of pharmaceutical service fees among pharmacists in hospitals of Shaanxi province to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making framework for establishing such fees in hospitals of various provinces and cities in the future. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 47 representative hospitals and 53 pharmacists within these hospitals in Shaanxi province.The results were analyzed using differential analysis. Results In most hospitals of Shaanxi province,pharmaceutical services are not provided or not charged for,indicating a lack of practical experience in the establishment of pharmaceutical service fees.Among hospitals that provide and charge for pharmaceutical services,there remains a need for uniformity in specific service content and fee standards,clear regulatory policy support,and a unified evaluation system.Significant differences exist among hospitals of different levels and types in terms of their capacity to provide pharmaceutical services and the forms in which they are offered.There is inconsistency among pharmacists within hospitals regarding crucial aspects of establishing pharmaceutical service fees,and further enhancement is needed in their awareness of relevant policies and the latest guidelines. Conclusions There is considerable room for improvement in establishing pharmaceutical service fees in hospitals of Shaanxi province.Stakeholders should promptly establish and standardize the fee establishment model,differentiate the fee standards for various services,enhance the publicity and dissemination of relevant document requirements to support the smooth implementation of pharmaceutical service fee policies.

In recent years,the National Health Commission has set improving the standardized utilization rate of intravenous infusion for inpatients as one of the goals for improving medical quality and safety.The rational allocation of intravenous drugs in medical institutions is a prerequisite for the standardized use of intravenous infusion.Therefore,it is imperative to establish a suitable evaluation and selection system for intravenous drugs.Based on the previous work,the Professional Committee of Intravenous Drug Formulation Management of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association organized experts to discuss the dimension setting,score distribution,and scoring rules of the Quantitative Record Sheet for Evaluation and Selection of Intravenous Drug and compiled the Expert consensus on Evaluation and Selection of Intravenous Drug in Medical Institution.The aim is to provide references for selecting intravenous drugs and clinical medication decisions in medical institutions,ensuring that patients receive safe,effective,economical,and appropriate drug treatment.